{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:32:05Z","timestamp":1777890725494,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are independent risk factors for young conscious stroke which may also be concomitant symptoms with it. But there is no sufficient attention on these phenomena.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the relationship between PFO, OSA and young stroke, and to look for proper treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three patients with young conscious stroke were reported, each of them was combined with PFO and OSA. All patients were diagnosed as wake-up stroke (WUS). Contrast-enhanced transcranial doppler ultrasound (c-TCD) and polysomnography (PSG) test were used for auxiliary diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Right-to-left shunts and moderate to severe sleep apnea were observed. Increased body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) index were also observed. After continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, the number of microbubbles was reduced in one patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These suggest that coexistence of PFO and OSA may associate with a greater risk of youth stroke. Decrease risk of stroke might occur if treating with CPAP in patients with OSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-199004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T14:27:39Z","timestamp":1556634459000},"page":"23-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The coexistence of a patent foramen ovale and obstructive sleep apnea may increase the risk of wake-up stroke in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Honghao","family":"Man","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongtao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shupei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renhua","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianglin","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ThomallaGGerloffC. Treatment Concepts for Wake-Up Stroke and Stroke With Unknown Time of Symptom Onset, Stroke. 2015; 46(9): 2707-13.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009701"},{"key":"bibr2-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003661"},{"key":"bibr3-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de los RiosF, et al. Trends in Substance Abuse Preceding Stroke Among Young Adults A Population-Based Study, Stroke. 2012; 43(12): 3179-3183.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.667808"},{"key":"bibr4-THC-199004","unstructured":"Ali EbrahimiHHamzeaie MoghadamAAredestaniE. Evaluation of patent foramen ovale in young adults with cryptogenic stroke, ARYA Atheroscler. 2011; 7(2): 74-7."},{"key":"bibr5-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1764837"},{"key":"bibr6-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27032"},{"key":"bibr7-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200911-1746OC"},{"key":"bibr8-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KooBB, et al. Observational Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Wake-Up Stroke: The SLEEP TIGHT Study, Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016; 41(5-6): 233-41.","DOI":"10.1159\/000440736"},{"key":"bibr9-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1311"},{"key":"bibr10-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1997.00264.x"},{"key":"bibr11-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.027508"},{"key":"bibr12-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8183.2005.00072.x"},{"key":"bibr13-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26802"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr14-THC-199004","first-page":"E169","volume":"25","author":"White JM","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"bibr15-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009639"},{"key":"bibr16-THC-199004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002961"}],"container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/THC-199004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/THC-199004","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/THC-199004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:44:21Z","timestamp":1777614261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/THC-199004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/THC-199004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/thc-199004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-7329","1878-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-7329","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}}}