{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:12:50Z","timestamp":1781291570174,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) can cause abnormal posture, muscle and\/or joint pains, which leads to walking difficulties. The common treatment is to use a shoe lift on the shorter leg side, but this has unsatisfying results. OBJECTIVE: Through research and development, we created 3D printing orthotic insoles for LLD patients and aimed to improve their symptoms. METHODS: 1. Research and development of 3D printing orthotic insole: (1) foot scan and data acquisition; (2) insole software modeling; (3) 3D printing insole using TPU materials, and (4) post-processing. 2. Clinical observation: we customized insoles for LLD patients and required them to wear them while walking. We conducted general inquiries and a functional evaluation before and after 12 weeks of wearing insoles. RESULTS: There are seven complete cases. The joint and lower back pains were alleviated. The stride frequency, stride and pace were improved in all seven cases. Patients\u2019 overall health condition improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D printing orthotic insoles are made with clear procedures and practical operability. By wearing insoles, patients\u2019 muscle and\/or joint pains were relieved and their gaits were improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-202170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T15:27:12Z","timestamp":1589902032000},"page":"615-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Research and development of 3D printing orthotic insoles and preliminary treatment of leg length discrepancy patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai No. 4 Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai No. 4 Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongju","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai No. 4 Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai No. 4 Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiating","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai No. 4 Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Oumu Health Management Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Oumu Health Management Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuilian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/THC-202170_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00148-5","article-title":"Leg length discrepancy","volume":"15","author":"Gurney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/THC-202170_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.027","article-title":"Shoe lifts for leg length discrepancy in adults with common painful musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"99","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/THC-202170_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-9771.2015.07.003","article-title":"Application of 3D printing technology in custom-made foot orthosis (review)","volume":"21","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhongguo Kangfu Lilun Yu Shijian"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/THC-202170_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.5.221","article-title":"Limb length inequality: Clinical implications for assessment and intervention","volume":"33","author":"Brady","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/THC-202170_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2010.14262","article-title":"Functional scoliosis caused by leg length discrepancy","volume":"6","author":"Raczkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/THC-202170_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.06.012","article-title":"Conservative correction of leg-length discrepancies of 10 mm or less for the relief of chronic low back pain","volume":"86","author":"Defrin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/THC-202170_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-00006","article-title":"Association of leg-length inequality with knee osteoarthritis: A cohort study","volume":"152","author":"Harvey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-202170_ref8","first-page":"235","article-title":"Lower limb-length discrepancy. 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