{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:45:00Z","timestamp":1791456300950,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Evidence on the latest technologies in rehabilitation for reducing pain and altering serum stress hormones in low back pain (LBP) was lacking. OBJECTIVE: To find the clinical and hormonal effects of virtual reality training (VRT) and isokinetic training (IKT) in chronic LBP patients. METHODS: Through the simple random sampling method, 60 university football players with chronic LBP were allocated into three groups: NVRT= 20, NIKT= 20 and NCONTROL= 20. The three groups underwent different exercises for 4\u00a0weeks. Clinical (pain intensity and kinesiophobia) and hormonal (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH and cortisol) values were measured at baseline, after 4\u00a0weeks and 6\u00a0months. RESULTS: Four weeks following training, the VRT and IKT groups showed significant changes in pain intensity and kinesiophobia in comparison to the control group (p&lt; 0.05). Hormonal measures also showed significant improvement in the VRT group in comparison to the other two groups (p&lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION: Training through virtual reality and isokinetic exercise is an effective approach in terms of pain and kinesiophobia. In terms of hormonal analysis, virtual reality shows slightly more improvements than isokinetic training in subjects with chronic LBP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-202301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T14:04:16Z","timestamp":1597759456000},"page":"155-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Virtual reality or isokinetic training; its effect on pain, kinesiophobia and serum stress hormones in chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Gopal","family":"Nambi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid Kamal","family":"Abdelbasset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud M.","family":"Alrawaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud F.","family":"Alsubaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abodonya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman K.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/THC-202301_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-130393","article-title":"Low back pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical characteristics and impact of low back pain on functional ability and health related quality of life","volume":"26","author":"Baykara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-202301_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.543","article-title":"The Rising Prevalence of Chronic Low Back Pain","volume":"169","author":"Freburger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. 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