{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:38:55Z","timestamp":1777891135697,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: When the jaw bone is subjected to an external force, the stress is transmitted from the force point along the alveolar bone to the skull and skull base. In the case of a dental implant, the stress distribution is mainly dependent on the implant position, type, and mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dental implant position influence on the stress distribution and transmission in case of facial frontal trauma. Furthermore, the correlation between facial trauma and skull trauma in the case of a dental implant exists. METHODS: In this study, a Finite Element Method (FEM) model was constructed based on a real skull shape, size, and anatomy. Dental implants were modeled based on imported CAD Data. Five cases were investigated including no dental implant and the replacement of teeth no. 18, 19 20 and 21. Facial trauma was mimicked by applying an external load on the lower frontal jaw. Finally, the stress distribution based on the bone geometry and implant position were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Results suggested that a dental implant could significantly influence the stress distribution in the skull in case of facial trauma. In addition, the dental position greatly affects stress transmission from the mandible to the skull bones through the zygomatic arch. CONCLUSION: The position of the dental implant could have a significant role in stress transmission and distribution in case of facial or even brain trauma. Thus, increasing the possibility of a correlation between facial and brain trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-220148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T11:12:45Z","timestamp":1669115565000},"page":"821-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Research on skull trauma biomechanical stress distribution in case of dental implants existence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of the Western War Zone of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"General Hospital of the Western War Zone of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, People\u2019s Hospital of Tianfu New District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"General Hospital of the Western War Zone of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of the Western War Zone of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, People\u2019s Hospital of Tianfu New District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of the Western War Zone of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of the Western War Zone of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of the Western War Zone of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of the Western War Zone of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.014","article-title":"In the dental implant era, why do we still bother saving teeth","volume":"45","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref2","unstructured":"Maghaireh H. Pink aesthetics in implant dentistry: A three-dimensional objective assessment: A clinical review. Smile Dental Journal. 2021 Dec 1; 16(2)."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518792567","article-title":"Trends in dental implant use in the US, 1999\u20132016, and projections to 2026","volume":"97","author":"Elani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12278","article-title":"Concepts for prevention of complications in implant therapy","volume":"81","author":"Romanos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12287","article-title":"Soft tissue-related complications and management around dental implants","volume":"81","author":"Chackartchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0756","article-title":"Risk indicators for marginal bone resorption around implants in function for at least 4 years: A retrospective longitudinal study","volume":"91","author":"Mameno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.03.007","article-title":"In vitro assessment of connection strength and stability of internal implant-abutment connections","volume":"65","author":"Kofron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12044","article-title":"Analysis of 627 hospitalized maxillofacial-oral injuries in X i\u2019an, China","volume":"30","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12614","article-title":"Mandible fractures and dental injuries related to road traffic accidents over a 12-year period \u2013 retrospective multicentre study","volume":"37","author":"Nogami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.12.023","article-title":"Parafunctional loading and occlusal device on stress distribution around implants: A 3D finite element analysis","volume":"120","author":"Radaelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.03.016","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of implant number and diameter on stress distributions in maxillary implant-supported overdentures","volume":"119","author":"Dimililer","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2003.00144.x","article-title":"External and occlusal trauma to dental implants and a case report","volume":"19","author":"Flanagan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-4469.2004.00232.x","article-title":"Trauma to anterior implants","volume":"20","author":"Stuebinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2006.00334.x","article-title":"Trauma to an osseointegrated anterior dental implant: A case report","volume":"22","author":"Allen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-017-0139-z","article-title":"Evaluating the biomechanical effects of implant diameter in case of facial trauma to an edentulous atrophic mandible: A 3D finite element analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ayali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head & Face Medicine."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.02.017","article-title":"Load transfer along the bone-dental implant interface","volume":"43","author":"Faegh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12575","article-title":"Edentulous mandible with four splinted interforaminal implants exposed to three different situations of trauma: A preliminary three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"36","author":"Krennmair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.12.007","article-title":"The effects of frontal trauma on 4 interforaminal dental implants: A 3-dimensional finite element analysis comparing splinted and unsplinted implant configurations","volume":"78","author":"Krennmair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840310001640974","article-title":"Mechanical response of bone under short-term loading of a dental implant with an internal layer simulating the nonlinear behaviour of the periodontal ligament","volume":"6","author":"Genna*","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2004.04.008","article-title":"A three-dimensional computer model of the human mandible in two simulated standard trauma situations","volume":"32","author":"Torreira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li H, Lu RJ, Wu P, Yuan Y, Yang S, Zhang FF, Jiang J, Tan Y. Numerical simulation and analysis of midfacial impacts and traumatic brain injuries. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2021 Mar; 9(6).","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-134"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.3390\/app10175826","article-title":"Biomechanical design application on the effect of different occlusion conditions on dental implants with different positions \u2013 a finite element analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Sciences."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-020-0837-0","article-title":"Imaging of mandibular fractures: A pictorial review","volume":"11","author":"Nardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insights Into Imaging."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Can the mechanism of injury impact the location of a mandibular fracture? A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Hesham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref29","first-page":"456","article-title":"Evaluation of treatment results of 75 patients with comminuted mandibular fractures","volume":"19","author":"Xiao-feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pisc.2016.06.062","article-title":"A review on application of finite element modelling in bone biomechanics","volume":"8","author":"Parashar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perspectives in Science."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.4.0542","article-title":"The impact-absorbing effects of facial fractures in closed-head injuries: An analysis of 210 patients","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.03.021","article-title":"Correlating facial fractures and cranial injuries","volume":"64","author":"Pappachan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.162214","article-title":"Uptake of the World Health Organization\u2019s trauma care guidelines: A systematic review","volume":"94","author":"LaGrone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yal\u00e7\u0131 M, Kaya B, La\u00e7in N, Ar\u0131 E. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the effect of endosteal implants with different macro designs on stress distribution in different bone qualities. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2019 May 1; 34(3).","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.7058"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.03.001","article-title":"Stability of edentulous, atrophic mandibles after insertion of different dental implants. A biomechanical study","volume":"43","author":"Torsiglieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2010.00646.x","article-title":"Mandibular fracture in conjunction with bicortical penetration, using wide-diameter endosseous dental implants","volume":"19","author":"Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/THC-220148_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2016.03.013","article-title":"Impairment of an atrophic mandible by preparation of the implant cavity: A biomechanical study","volume":"54","author":"Steiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery."}],"container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/THC-220148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:55:06Z","timestamp":1777614906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/THC-220148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/thc-220148","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-7329","1878-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-7329","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]}}}