{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:39:20Z","timestamp":1777891160521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Due to low friction, passive mechanical prostheses move compliantly followed by the stump and are used widely. Advanced semi-active prostheses can both move passively like passive prostheses and provide active torque under specific conditions. However, the current mechanical-hydraulic coupling driven semi-active prostheses, in order to meet the low passive friction requirements with a low active transmission ratio, lead to a significant problem of insufficient active torque. OBJECTIVE: A hybrid active and passive prosthesis was developed to solve the incompatibility problem of low passive friction and high active driving torque of semi-active prostheses. METHODS: The mechanical structure and control strategy of the prosthesis were demonstrated. The performance of the prosthesis was tested by bench and human tests. RESULTS: Passive subsystem damping adjustment ranges from 0.4 N\u22c5(mm\/s)-1 to 300 N\u22c5(mm\/s)-1. The switching time between the damping and the active subsystem is 32 \u00b1 2 ms. The continuous active torque output is more than 24 Nm. In level walking, the peak torque is about 28 Nm. CONCLUSION: The proposed active-passive hybrid hydraulic prosthesis could satisfy both low passive friction and high active actuation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-220522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T12:30:20Z","timestamp":1673353820000},"page":"1267-1277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design, fabrication and experiments of a hydraulic active-passive hybrid prosthesis knee"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Zhennan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunbao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/THC-220522_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.950110","article-title":"Mechanisms and component design of prosthetic knees: A review from a biomechanical function perspective","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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