{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:51:45Z","timestamp":1790092305086,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Tongue diagnosis is a crucial traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inspection method for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment. OBJECTIVE: The primary research focus was on tongue image characteristic parameters of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Analysis of the tongue image parameters of various pathological stages of NSCLC provides technical support for establishing an integrated Chinese and Western auxiliary diagnosis and efficacy evaluation medicine system for lung cancer that integrates tongue image features. METHODS: Tongue image characteristics of 309 patients with NSCLC and 206 controls were collected and analyzed clinically. The T-test or rank sum test and logistic regression analysis were applied to analyze the characteristics of tongue image indicators of different pathological stages of NSCLC. RESULTS: There were differences in tongue image characteristics in the NSCLC group compared to the control group. The tongue quality and brightness of the tongue coating in the NSCLC group increased, the red component was reduced, the tongue coating thickened, and the yellow component increased compared to the healthy control group. A comparison of tongue image indexes of NSCLC in different pathological stages showed that stage IV had lower TB-b and higher TB-a than stage I. In addition, stage IV had lower TB-b than stage II + III, showing an increase in the blue and red components of the tongue in stage IV and the appearance of cyanotic tongue features. CONCLUSION: The tongue image characteristics of NSCLC patients differed from those of the control group. Tongue imaging indicators can reflect the characteristics of tongue images of patients with NSCLC. The tongue image characteristics of patients with stage IV lung cancer are bluish and purple compared with those with stage I, II, and III. It is suggested that the tongue\u2019s image characteristics can be used as a reference for the pathological classification of NSCLC and judgment of the disease process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-230372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T11:50:58Z","timestamp":1701172258000},"page":"1403-1420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Study on the difference and regularity of tongue images in 309 patients with different pathological stages of non-small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ling-Zhi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Bin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Tuo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/THC-230372_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/THC-230372_ref2","first-page":"721","article-title":"The global prevalence and prevention progress of lung cancer","volume":"30","author":"Jialong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J-Global."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/THC-230372_ref3","first-page":"4","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics analysis of 7843 cases of primary lung cancer","author":"Mingming","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumors."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-230372_ref5","unstructured":"China Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China Anti-Cancer Association Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis Cooperation Group. 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