{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:41:21Z","timestamp":1777891281905,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Endocrowns (ECs) are alternatives for rebuilding severely damaged teeth and show superior efficacy in molars over premolars. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effects of different preparation designs with short pulp chambers on the mean color change (\u0394\u2062E), fracture resistance, and failure types of mandibular molar ECs. METHOD: A total of 40 extracted mandibular molars were treated endodontically and divided into four groups. Samples in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 had occlusal preparation depths of 5 mm, 3 mm, 3 mm with ferrule, and 3 mm with boxes, respectively. The samples were immersed in coffee and their \u0394\u2062E values were measured by using the Commission Internationale de l\u2019Eclairage color system. They were also subjected to a fracture test. Next, all specimens were examined visually under a stereomicroscope to evaluate their failure modes and identify their fracture origins. Data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTS: Among all groups, group 4 (3 mm + boxes) presented the highest \u0394\u2062E (4.15) after immersion in coffee. Moreover, ANOVA revealed that the \u0394\u2062E of group 4 (occlusal preparation depth of 3 mm with boxes) was significantly different (p&lt; 0.05) from that of group 2 (3 mm + ferrule, 3.07). The EC with a 3 mm chamfer and ferrule showed the highest maximum load of 2847.68 \u00b1 693.27 N, whereas that with a 5 mm chamfer finish line had a marginally reduced load at fracture of 2831.52 \u00b1 881.83 N. The EC with a 3 mm chamber and boxes had a slightly increased maximum load of 2700.75 \u00b1 436.40 N, whereas that with the 3 mm chamber had the lowest maximum load at fracture of 2385.97 \u00b1 465.61 N. One-way ANOVA showed that different EC preparation designs had no effect on maximum fracture load (F [3,16] = 0.550, p= 0.6). CONCLUSION: The recorded \u0394\u2062E values of ECs in all groups were equal or marginally higher than the acceptable values. The EC with a 3 mm chamfer and ferrule displayed the highest mean maximum load. The EC with a 5 mm chamfer finish line had a marginally lower maximum load at fracture than other ECs. Failures, such as ceramic fracture, split fracture, and ceramic and tooth splitting above the cemento\u2013enamel junction (CEJ) or vertically were predominant in samples with occlusal preparation depths of 3 mm with ferrule and 5 mm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-231175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T11:18:40Z","timestamp":1709291920000},"page":"2395-2408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of color changes, fracture strengths, and failure modes of conventional endocrowns and endocrowns with different design modifications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Nasser M.","family":"Al Ahmari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulkarim H.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental 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Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebtisam N.","family":"Al Hatlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practitioner, Private Practice, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliya S.","family":"Alqhatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practitioner, Private Practice, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahad M.","family":"Alabydi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practitioner, Private Practice, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12065","article-title":"The endocrown: an alternative approach for restoring extensively damaged molars","volume":"25","author":"Biacchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor 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Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.05.020","article-title":"Color stability of microfilled, microhybrid and nanocomposite resins\u2013an in vitro study","volume":"38","author":"Nasim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref40","first-page":"333","article-title":"Effect of preparation and luting system on all-ceramic computergenerated crowns","volume":"11","author":"M\u00f6rmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2341\/11-105-L","article-title":"Comparison of fracture strength of endocrowns and glass fiber postretained conventional crowns","volume":"37","author":"Biacchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oper Dent."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.07.005","article-title":"Endocrown restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Sedrez-Porto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dent."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref43","first-page":"219","article-title":"Survival of ceramic computer-aided design\/manufacturing crowns bonded to preparations with reduced macroretention geometry","volume":"18","author":"Bindl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572011000600018","article-title":"Resistance to compression of weakened roots subjected to different root reconstruction protocols","volume":"19","author":"Zogheib","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref45","first-page":"355","article-title":"Factors affecting the fracture resistance of post-core reconstructed teeth: a review","volume":"14","author":"Fernandes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.2341\/13-004-L","article-title":"Influence of no ferrufe and no-Post buildup design on the fatigue resistance of endodontically treated molars restored with resin nanoceramic CAD\/CAM crowns","volume":"39","author":"Magne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oper Dent."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2341\/13-143-L","article-title":"Microleakage of Endocrowns Utilizing Three CAD-CAM Blocks","volume":"40","author":"El-Damanhoury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oper Dent."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12119","article-title":"of substructure design and occlusal reduction on the stress distribution in metal ceramic complete crowns: 3D finite element analysis","volume":"23","author":"Motta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Prosthodont."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03000-0","article-title":"Fracture load of three-unit full-contour fixed dental prostheses fabricated with subtractive and additive CAD\/CAM technology","volume":"24","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-231175_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242007000300015","article-title":"Maximal bite force in young adults with temporomandibular disorders and bruxism","volume":"21","author":"Pizolato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brazilian Oral Research."}],"container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/THC-231175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:59:10Z","timestamp":1777615150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/THC-231175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/thc-231175","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-7329","1878-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-7329","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]}}}