{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:16:13Z","timestamp":1777889773604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Flight accidents caused by spatial disorientation (SD) greatly affect flight safety. OBJECTIVE: Few studies have been devoted to the evaluation of SD. METHODS: 10 pilots and 10 non-pilots were recruited for the experimental induction of SD. Videos for giving optical flow stimuli were played at two different flow speeds to induce SD. Subjective judgment and center of foot pressure (CoP) data were collected from the tests. The data were combined to determine the occurrence of SD and analyze the SD types. RESULTS: The number of self-reported SD events was slightly smaller in the pilots than in the non-pilots. The average upper bound of the confidence interval for the standard deviation of CoP was 0.32 \u00b1 0.09 cm and 0.38 \u00b1 0.12 cm in the pilots and non-pilots, respectively. This indicator was significantly lower in the pilots than in the non-pilots (P= 0.03). The success rate of the experimental induction of unrecognized SD was 26.7% and 45.0% in the pilots and non-pilots, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method offered a new to analyze unrecognized SD. We could determine the occurrence unrecognized SD. This is an essential means of reducing flight accidents caused by unrecognized SD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-248030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T14:12:18Z","timestamp":1714140738000},"page":"339-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on optical flow stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Chenru","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunnan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqiang","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanzhen","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruibin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingjie","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/THC-248030_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-0935-4","article-title":"Optical Illusions and Spatial Disorientation in Aviation Pilots","volume":"42","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Tena","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/THC-248030_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.5446.2020","article-title":"Spatial Disorientation Survey Among Military Pilots","volume":"91","author":"Pennings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perf"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/THC-248030_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.3971.2014","article-title":"Spatial disorientation mishap trends in the US.","volume":"2014","author":"Poisson","journal-title":"Air force 1993\u20132013. 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