{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T23:16:27Z","timestamp":1780614987510,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The routine radiation therapy treatment planning does not include secondary radiation and peripheral doses resulting from radiotherapy exposure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) using an linear accelerator (linac) of Axesse (Elekta 2538). OBJECTIVE: VMAT has a better dose conformity of the tumor and is also operated by adjusting the shapes of mulileaf collimator. However, such treatment is potentially important to improve the accuracy of estimated health risks. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the equivalent dose of organ or tissue (DT) and effective dose (E) for normal organs using the Alderson Rando phantom as an equivalent of the human body. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H) were calibrated by 6 MV X-ray originated by the linac. A total of 252 TLDs were used. These TLDs were inserted into phantom organ or tissue which closely approximated to these places. RESULTS: The thyroid dose (D\ud835\udc61\u210e\ud835\udc66) had the highest dose, 1840 \u00b1 202\u00a0mSv\/treatment. The E of the Rando was 7.11 \u00b1 0.61\u00a0mSv\/treatment, as estimated using ICRP 103. The skin doses (D\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b) varied significantly outside the treatment field and decreased as the distance from the treatment field increased. CONCLUSIONS: This study can be referred to practical guidance regarding radiation protections of the public.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-thc228031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T13:57:36Z","timestamp":1643723856000},"page":"329-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluating dose distributions of normal organs for patients undergoing VMAT therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using Rando phantom and TLD-100H"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yun-Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tung\u2019s Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantou Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chih","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantou Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hou","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences,"},{"name":"Department of Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chang","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nantou Hospital,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Chun","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology,"},{"name":"School of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences,"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2013.04.016","article-title":"Peripheral doses in radiotherapy: A comparison between IMRT, VMAT and Tomotherapy","volume":"57","author":"D\u2019Agostino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat Meas."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrz029","article-title":"Radiation doses with various body weights of phantom in brain 128-slice MDCT Examination","volume":"60","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Radiat Res."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2013.09.004","article-title":"Dosimetric difference amongst 3 techniques: TomoTherapy, sliding-window intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and RapidArc radiotherapy in the treatment of late-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Dosim."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2011.06.006","article-title":"Dual arc volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) of nasopharyngeal carcinomas: a simultaneous integrated boost treatment plan comparison with intensity-modulated radiotherapies and single arc VMAT","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Oncol."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.11.017","article-title":"Volumetric modulated arc therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a dosimetric comparison with TomoTherapy and step-and-shoot IMRT","volume":"104","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2015.04.007","article-title":"Radiation dose for normal organs by helical tomotherapy for lung cancer","volume":"102","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isot."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref10","first-page":"79","article-title":"Evaluating environment radiations at Axesse linac undergoing NPC treatment of VMAT","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Surg."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00199-0","article-title":"Whole-body dose from tomotherapy delivery","volume":"42","author":"Mutic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-THC228031_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3447724","article-title":"Evaluation of the peripheral dose in stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery treatments","volume":"37","author":"Betta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Phys."}],"container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/THC-THC228031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:21:08Z","timestamp":1777612868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/THC-THC228031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":9,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/thc-thc228031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-7329","1878-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-7329","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]}}}