{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:50:19Z","timestamp":1780044619022,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tumour Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smoking is one of the most popular risk factors provoking bladder cancer (BC). This research intended to estimate cigarette smoking effect involving PAF signs between smoking patients with BC and non-smoking patients with same diagnosis to define relations with pathological characteristics and their prognosis on zero-relapse and disease-associated recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two groups of smokers ( n\u200a=\u200a54) and non-smokers ( n\u200a=\u200a62) were selected. Both cohorts of patients had BC. They were evaluated utilizing NGS on 9 cancer-related genes and confirmed through the Sanger DNA sequencing and histopathological tests based on H&amp;E staining. The factor of smoking and impact of PAF development by ELISA assay and PAF-R manifestation in terms of immunochemical evaluation on BC areas comparing to a control group ( n\u200a=\u200a30) was examined involving healthy contributors, including the use of well-designed statistical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The multivariate evaluation showed considerable rise in mutation patterns related to smoking among BC patients (group 3), increase in PAF development (***P&lt;0.001) and vivid signs of PAF-R contrasted to non-smokers with BC (group 2) and control group (group 1). All the identified biological changes (gains\/losses) were recorded at the same locations in both groups. Patients from group 3 held 3-4 various mutations, while patients from group 2 held 1-3 various mutations. Mutations were not identified in 30 respondents from control group. The most repeated mutations were identified in 3 of 9 examined genes, namely TP53, PIK3CA and PTEN, with highest rates of increase in Group 3. Moreover, histopathological tests revealed barely identifiable and abnormal traits in BC tissues, i.e. were without essential histopathological changes between groups 2 and 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smoking of cigarettes provokes PAF development due to urothelial inflammation and rise of mutations in 9 cancer-related genes. These are indicative factors of inducing BC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/tub-220032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T10:52:34Z","timestamp":1676371954000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Patterns of mutations in nine cancer-related genes and PAF development among smoking male patients diagnosed with bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Eman","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal M.","family":"Al-Dogmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahani Mohamed Ibrahim","family":"Al-Hazani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha Abdulla","family":"Alwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatmah Ahmed","family":"Safhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina Mohammed","family":"Alneghery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areej Saud","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibtesam Sanad","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafar al-Batin, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Abdullah","family":"AlQassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashael","family":"Alhumaidi Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7347-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wedad Saeed","family":"Al-Qahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13981"},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"HowladerN, NooneAM, KrapchoM, MillerD, BrestA, YuM, RuhlJ, TatalovichZ, MariottoA, LewisDR, ChenHS. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975\u20132017, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, USA. 2020."},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2020.21.3.583"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-013-0429-z"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113907"},{"key":"ref006","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2019."},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy090"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1669"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64808-0"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5002(01)00197-0"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508683200"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-007-9092-9"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00502.2010"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13177"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2308-7"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02787-8"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004088"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2020.321.330"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12907-015-0020-6"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.10.697"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1069-0"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.601"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24271"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08880813"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i1541"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2013.0131"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009734.2018.1473534"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2020.101535"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.09076.x"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26068"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00218.2014"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1575925960"},{"key":"ref034","unstructured":"LushniakBD, SametJM, PechacekTF, NormanLA, TaylorPA. The health consequences of smoking\u201450 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General. 2014."},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718185115"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14612"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1142"},{"key":"ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01056-4"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026548700247"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00218.2014"}],"container-title":["Tumor Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/TUB-220032","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/TUB-220032","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/TUB-220032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:21:44Z","timestamp":1777612904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/TUB-220032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/TUB-220032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/tub-220032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-4283","1423-0380"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1010-4283","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0380","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]}}}