{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:24:11Z","timestamp":1790785451696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418774400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["VES"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Absence of peripheral vestibular input in bilateral vestibular failure (BVF) has been suggested to induce plastic reorganization in various brain regions. Among several neurotransmitters, dopamine is known to play a key role in cortico-striatal-sensorimotor processing. However, the role of dopamine in vestibular plasticity is scantly documented. Objective: Assessment of D 2 \/ 3 -receptors in patients with BVF. Methods: D 2 \/ 3 -receptor-PET using [ 18 F]fallypride and MRI examinations were performed in 12 BVF-patients and 13 healthy controls. Results: BVF-patients showed reduced D 2 \/ 3 -receptor availability (approximately 40%) in the temporo-parieto-occipital cortex bilaterally, including the multisensory vestibular cortex and visual motion-sensitive areas (MT\/MST), as well as in the striatum and the right thalamus. Longer illness duration was associated with bilaterally lower D 2 \/ 3 -receptor availability in the middle\/superior temporal gyrus (GTm\/s). D 2 \/ 3 -receptor availability in the right GTm\/s and bilateral insula decreased with severity of symptoms. BVF-patients with oscillopsia showed reduced D 2 \/ 3 -receptor availability in the right MT\/MST and midbrain tectum. Conclusions: Reduced D 2 \/ 3 -receptor availability in multisensory vestibular cortical network areas and basal ganglia may indicate a receptor down-regulation due to the lack of peripheral vestibular input. The more pronounced decline in D 2 \/ 3 -receptor availability in the multisensory vestibular cortex in patients with prolonged illness suggests the occurrence of progressive changes in dopamine transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ves-140526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T18:03:41Z","timestamp":1575309821000},"page":"403-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of cerebral dopamine D 2 \/ 3 -receptors in patients with bilateral vestibular failure"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nathalie L.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Feuerecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Becker-Bense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Zwergal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Wulff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoming","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"W\u00e4ngler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cumming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander's University, Erlangen\/N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bartenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Dieterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"la Foug\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, IFB , Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","container-title":["Journal of Vestibular Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/VES-140526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:22:08Z","timestamp":1777612928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/VES-140526"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Mandal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otological and Skull Base Surgery Department, S.M. delle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ramat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ves-140526","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01085","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1878-6464","0957-4271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-6464","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0957-4271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]}}}