{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:49:32Z","timestamp":1788900572401,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["VES"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This opinion statement proposes a set of candidacy criteria for vestibular implantation of adult patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) in a research setting. The criteria include disabling chronic symptoms like postural imbalance, unsteadiness of gait and\/or head movement-induced oscillopsia, combined with objective signs of reduced or absent vestibular function in both ears. These signs include abnormal test results recorded during head impulses (video head impulse test or scleral coil technique), bithermal caloric testing and rotatory chair testing (sinusoidal stimulation of 0.1\u200aHz). Vestibular implant (VI) implantation criteria are not the same as diagnostic criteria for bilateral vestibulopathy. The major difference between VI-implantation criteria and the approved diagnostic criteria for BVP are that all included vestibular tests of semicircular canal function (head impulse test, caloric test, and rotatory chair test) need to show significant impairments of vestibular function in the implantation criteria. For this, a two-step paradigm was developed. First, at least one of the vestibular tests needs to fulfill stringent criteria, close to those for BVP. If this is applicable, then the other vestibular tests have to fulfill a second set of criteria which are less stringent than the original criteria for BVP. If the VI-implantation is intended to excite the utricle and\/or saccule (otolith stimulation), responses to cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials must be absent in addition to the above mentioned abnormalities of semicircular canal function. Finally, requirements for safe and potentially effective stimulation should be met, including implanting patients with BVP of peripheral origin only, and assessing possible medical and psychiatric contraindications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ves-200701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T11:16:42Z","timestamp":1594120602000},"page":"213-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The vestibular implant: Opinion statement on implantation criteria for research1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Raymond","family":"van de Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria. Department of Otolaryngology. Las Palmas University. (ULPGC). Psychoacoustic & Equilibrium Laboratory. Las Palmas University (ULPGC)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"van Rompaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Bisdorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique du Vertige, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Perez-Fornos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay T.","family":"Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-HNS, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James O.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-HNS, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Strupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Della Santina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Guinand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1354597","article-title":"Bilateral vestibular loss","volume":"33","author":"Hain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seminars in neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00026","article-title":"Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: Insights in Etiologies, Clinical Subtypes, and Diagnostics","volume":"7","author":"Lucieer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00352","article-title":"Full Spectrum of Reported Symptoms of Bilateral Vestibulopathy Needs Further Investigation-A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Lucieer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-140536","article-title":"CANVAS an update: clinical presentation, investigation and management","volume":"24","author":"Szmulewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of vestibular research: equilibrium & orientation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000283","article-title":"Focal sclerosis of semicircular canals with severe DFNA9 hearing impairment caused by a P51S COCH-mutation: is there a link? Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"35","author":"de Varebeke","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21105","article-title":"Causative factors and epidemiology of bilateral vestibulopathy in 255 patients","volume":"61","author":"Zingler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-190672","article-title":"Presbyvestibulopathy: Diagnostic criteria Consensus document of the classification committee of the Barany Society","volume":"29","author":"Agrawal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of vestibular research: equilibrium & orientation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000433553","article-title":"Difficulties Faced by Patients Suffering from Total Bilateral Vestibular Loss","volume":"77","author":"Miffon","year":"2015","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1159\/000433549","article-title":"Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: Challenges in Establishing the Diagnosis in Adults","volume":"77","author":"van de Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00058","article-title":"Comparison of the Bedside Head-Impulse Test with the Video Head-Impulse Test in a Clinical Practice Setting: A Prospective Study of 500 Outpatients","volume":"7","author":"Yip","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03745.x","article-title":"Impulsive testing of individual semicircular canal function","volume":"942","author":"Halmagyi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941212100708","article-title":"Quality of life of patients with bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"121","author":"Guinand","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.3913","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of bilateral vestibular hypofunction: results from the 2008 US National Health Interview Survey","volume":"139","author":"Ward","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA otolaryngology\u2013head & neck surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.122952","article-title":"Follow-up of vestibular function in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"79","author":"Zingler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-120464","article-title":"The effect of vestibular rehabilitation on adults with bilateral vestibular hypofunction: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Porciuncula","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of vestibular research: equilibrium & orientation"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.894629","article-title":"A multichannel semicircular canal neural prosthesis using electrical stimulation to restore 3-d vestibular sensation","volume":"54","author":"Della Santina","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000003","article-title":"Prosthetic implantation of the human vestibular system. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"35","author":"Golub","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00066","article-title":"Artificial balance: restoration of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in humans with a prototype vestibular neuroprosthesis","volume":"5","author":"Perez Fornos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2017.4216","article-title":"Vestibular Response to Electrical Stimulation of the Otolith Organs. Implications in the Development of A Vestibular Implant for the Improvement of the Sensation of Gravitoinertial Accelerations","volume":"13","author":"Ramos de Miguel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22581","article-title":"Progress toward development of a multichannel vestibular prosthesis for treatment of bilateral vestibular deficiency","volume":"295","author":"Fridman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anatomical record"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318254ec24","article-title":"Implantation of the semicircular canals with preservation of hearing and rotational sensitivity: a vestibular neurostimulator suitable for clinical research. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"33","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00644","article-title":"The Vestibular Implant Input Interacts with Residual Natural Function","volume":"8","author":"van de Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.09.003","article-title":"Longitudinal performance of an implantable vestibular prosthesis","volume":"322","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref28","first-page":"255","article-title":"The vestibular implant: frequency-dependency of the electrically evoked vestibulo-ocular reflex in humans","volume":"8","author":"van de Berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in systems neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002463","article-title":"Results From a Second-Generation Vestibular Implant in Human Subjects: Diagnosis May Impact Electrical Sensitivity of Vestibular Afferents. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"41","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09491-x","article-title":"Cervical myogenic potentials and controlled postural responses elicited by a prototype vestibular implant","volume":"266","author":"Fornos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3604-3","article-title":"Postural responses to electrical stimulation of the vestibular end organs in human subjects","volume":"229","author":"Phillips","year":"2013","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00577","article-title":"Restoring Visual Acuity in Dynamic Conditions with a Vestibular Implant","volume":"10","author":"Guinand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Restoring the High-Frequency Dynamic Visual Acuity with a Vestibular Implant Prototype in Humans","volume":"2019","author":"Starkov","journal-title":"Audiology & neuro-otology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2011.00047","article-title":"The vestibular implant: quo vadis?","volume":"2","author":"van de Berg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000433554","article-title":"Vestibular Implants: 8 Years of Experience with Electrical Stimulation of the Vestibular Nerve in 11 Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Loss","volume":"77","author":"Guinand","year":"2015","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6724-y","article-title":"Semicircular canal, saccular and utricular function in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy: analysis based on etiology","volume":"260","author":"Agrawal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00340","article-title":"Cognitive Function in Acquired Bilateral Vestibulopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study on Cognition, Hearing, and Vestibular Loss","volume":"13","author":"Dobbels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31821a3b7d","article-title":"Bilateral vestibulopathy: clinical characteristics and diagnostic criteria. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00244","article-title":"Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Semicircular Canal and Otolith Deficits in Bilateral Vestibulopathy","volume":"9","author":"Tarnutzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2015.04.010","article-title":"Overview of the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders","volume":"33","author":"Bisdorff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurologic clinics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14569","article-title":"A review of ASA physical status \u2013 historical perspectives and modern developments","volume":"74","author":"Mayhew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-101","article-title":"Measurement properties of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory by cross-sectional and longitudinal designs","volume":"7","author":"Tamber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200403000-00010","article-title":"Is perception of handicap related to functional performance in persons with vestibular dysfunction? Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"25","author":"Whitney","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00018","article-title":"The modified ampullar approach for vestibular implant surgery: feasibility and its first application in a human with a long-term vestibular loss","volume":"3","author":"van de Berg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181ab9164","article-title":"Superior vestibular neurectomy: a novel transmeatal approach for a denervation of the superior and lateral semicircular canals. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"30","author":"Feigl","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.05.005","article-title":"Disease-specific sparing of the anterior semicircular canals in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"127","author":"Tarnutzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical neurophysiology: official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000362780","article-title":"Quantifying the vestibulo-ocular reflex with video-oculography: nature and frequency of artifacts","volume":"20","author":"Mantokoudis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Audiology & neuro-otology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002827","article-title":"A new saccadic indicator of peripheral vestibular function based on the video head impulse test","volume":"87","author":"MacDougall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002092","article-title":"Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Meniere\u2019s Disease: A Comparison of Response Metrics. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"40","author":"Noij","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941212100604","article-title":"Bilateral vestibulopathy with dissociated deficits in the superior and inferior vestibular systems","volume":"121","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00252","article-title":"Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Bilateral Vestibulopathy","volume":"9","author":"Rosengren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0887-6","article-title":"Saccular function less affected than canal function in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"255","author":"Zingler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0228768","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228768","article-title":"Prospective cohort study on the predictors of fall risk in 119 patients with bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"15","author":"Dobbels","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-015-0515-y","article-title":"Histopathologic Changes of the Inner ear in Rhesus Monkeys After Intratympanic Gentamicin Injection and Vestibular Prosthesis Electrode Array Implantation","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00344","article-title":"Bilateral Vestibular Weakness","volume":"9","author":"Hain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000120","article-title":"Vestibular Rehabilitation for Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: From the American Physical Therapy Association Neurology Section","volume":"40","author":"Hall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of neurologic physical therapy: JNPT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/VES-200701_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200606000-00017","article-title":"Transcanal approach to the singular nerve. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society","volume":"27","author":"Kos","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vestibular Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/VES-200701","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:25:29Z","timestamp":1777613129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/VES-200701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ves-200701","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4271","1878-6464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4271","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]}}}