{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:20:02Z","timestamp":1777890002863,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["VES"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Otoconia-related vertigo and balance deficits are common in humans, but the molecular etiology is unknown at present. OBJECTIVE: In order to study mechanisms of otoconia formation and maintenance, we have investigated whether otoconin-90 (Oc90), the predominant otoconial constituent protein, and the NADPH oxidase Nox3, an essential regulatory protein for otoconia formation, are functionally interlinked. METHODS: We performed balance behavioral, electrophysiological, morphological and molecular cellular analyses. RESULTS: Double heterozygous mutant mice for Oc90 and Nox3 show severe imbalance, albeit less profound than double null mutants. In contrast, single heterozygous mutant mice have normal balance. Double heterozygous mice have otoconia defects and double null mice have no otoconia. In addition, some hair bundles in the latter mice go through accelerated degeneration. In vitro calcification analysis in cells stably expressing these proteins singly and doubly shows much more intense calcification in the double transfectants. CONCLUSIONS: Oc90 and Nox3 augment each other\u2019s function, which is not only critical for otoconia formation but also for hair bundle maintenance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ves-201591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T16:48:10Z","timestamp":1612802890000},"page":"441-449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional cooperation between two otoconial proteins Oc90 and Nox3"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yinfang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vestibular Genetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vestibular Genetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA"},{"name":"Current address: Changsha Environmental Protection College, 10 Jinggui Rd, Yuhua Qu, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vestibular Genetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vestibular Genetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherri M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunxia Wang","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vestibular Genetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/VES-201591_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488809106427","article-title":"Aberrant elemental composition of otoconia in the dancer mouse mutant with a semidominant gene causing a morphogenetic type of inner ear defect","volume":"106","author":"Anniko","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.3233\/VES-201591_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46065","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403046200","article-title":"NOX3, a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of the inner ear","volume":"279","author":"Banfi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol 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