{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:23:34Z","timestamp":1777890214840,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pressure on the shoulder can be a major limiting factor to backpack use and poor design can lead to pain and injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of shoulder strap width and load placement in a backpack on the shoulder and axilla.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A manikin fitted with a backpack load of 20\u200akg mass and four different width straps (5, 6, 7, and 8\u200acm) was used. The load was placed high or low. Interface pressure sensors were placed over the shoulder and chest wall at the axilla.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant interaction was observed between shoulder strap width and load placement. The positive effect of wide straps on shoulder pressure is greater with high load placement and the benefit of wide straps on axillary pressure is improved with low load placement. Interface pressure decreased significantly from narrow to wide straps. A large difference was noted between interface pressure on high and low load placement with narrow straps; however, as shoulder strap width increased, the difference between the two load placements decreased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The least amount of interface pressure was observed with 8\u200acm shoulder straps and high load placement. These findings should influence design and use of backpacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-172651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T07:32:08Z","timestamp":1513236728000},"page":"455-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The effect of shoulder strap width and load placement on shoulder-backpack interface pressure"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Samira","family":"Golriz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery J.","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Brunswick","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Bo Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce F.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch University","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04520-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/162.1.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00640670"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2014-000403"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-15-00435"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2009-0833"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2006-00488"},{"issue":"452","key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Brachial plexus lesions after backpack carriage in young adults","author":"Makela JP","year":"2006","unstructured":"MakelaJP, RamstadR, MattilaV, PihlajamakiH. Brachial plexus lesions after backpack carriage in young adults. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2006;(452):205\u20139.","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401397187928"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02722589"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000058721.69053.EC"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0221-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","volume-title":"Developing a performance scale for load carriage designs","author":"Doan JB","year":"1998","unstructured":"DoanJB, StevensonJM, BryantJT, PelotRP, ReidSA. Developing a performance scale for load carriage designs. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Human Factors Association of Canada 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00357606"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31817d8143"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HarmanE FrykmanP PandorfC TharionW MelloRP ObusekJ KirkJ. Physiological biomechanical and maximal performance comparisons of female soldiers carrying loads using prototype U.S. marine corps modular lightweight load-carrying equipment (MOLLE) with interceptor body armor and U.S.army all-purpose lightweight individual carrying equipment (ALICE) with PASGT body armor In. Natick MA: U.S. army research institute of environmental medicine; 1999.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA361454"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2004.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","volume-title":"PhD thesis","author":"Fergenbaum MA","year":"2007","unstructured":"FergenbaumMA. Development of safety limits for load carriage in adults. PhD thesis. Ontario, Canada: Queen\u2019s University; 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0014013042000193264"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-1383"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(97)00071-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130410001699137"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.12.1186"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0014013031000107577"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00990.2011"}],"container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/WOR-172651","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/WOR-172651","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/WOR-172651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:33:27Z","timestamp":1777613607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/WOR-172651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/WOR-172651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/wor-172651","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]}}}