{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:36:54Z","timestamp":1777891014258,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: In the arboriculture sector, some activities are still manually performed by forestry workers, which result consequently exposed to a high risk of developing muscle skeletal disorders. The Italian Compensation Authority reported an increase of work-related tendinopathies and carpal tunnel syndrome in loggers, but screening protocols are not available yet. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were: a) to evaluate the prevalence of tendinopathies and carpal tunnel syndrome in a sample of loggers and b) identify a sound screening approach. METHODS: 41 loggers and 41 paired control workers were recruited for a total of 164 hands. The protocol included 1) demographic data; 2) medical history; 3) identification of CTS symptoms through a questionnaire and a hand-chart; 4) upper limbs clinical examination; 5) Raynaud\u2019s diseases questionnaire; 6) wrists ultrasound; 7) NCS of the distal median nerve. RESULTS: The prevalence of tendinopathies was statistically significant only in the non-dominant hand (75, 5% in the exposed group and 53, 6% in the non-exposed group). The prevalence of CTS was 32, 2% in the exposed group and 15, 5% in the non-exposed group. The questionnaire had a sensitivity of 56, 7% and a specificity of 75%. The hand-chart had a sensitivity of 30% and a specificity of 92%. The clinical examination had sensitivity of 30% and specificity of 80%. The ultrasound had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 56%. CONCLUSIONS: Loggers are a population at risk of occupational hand and wrist disorders. The hand-chart could be considered, together with the questionnaire, as the best secondary prevention tool to diagnose CTS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-205034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T13:37:50Z","timestamp":1655213870000},"page":"1249-1257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occupational hand and wrist disorders among forestry workers: An exposed-control study to investigate preventive strategies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Masci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy, International Centre for Rural Health, Occupational Health Unit, Hospitals Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Spatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concetto Mario","family":"Giorgianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Maria","family":"Antonangeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy, International Centre for Rural Health, Occupational Health Unit, Hospitals Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"D\u2019Arrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto Magenta","family":"Biasina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hospitals Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Priori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cAldo Ravelli\u201d Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Colosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy, International Centre for Rural Health, Occupational Health Unit, Hospitals Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attebrant M , Winkel J , Mathiassen SE , Kjellberg A Shoulder-arm muscle load and performance during control operation in forestry machines Effects of changing to a new arm rest, lever and boom control system. 1997;28(2):85\u201397.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(96)00050-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1306","article-title":"Associations between work-related factors and the carpal tunnel syndrome\u2014a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Van Rijn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref8","first-page":"592","article-title":"[Hand-arm vibration syndrome and upper limbs diseases in the forest workersof Italia meridionale]","volume":"29","author":"Fenga","year":"2007","journal-title":"G Ital Med Lav Ergon [Internet]"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4450","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-0745-4450","article-title":"Risk factors for incident carpal tunnel syndrome: results of a prospective cohort study of newly-hired workers","volume":"41","author":"Evanoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Work [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203227","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms among Iranian butchers and their association with occupational risk factors: Implications for ergonomic interventions","volume":"66","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Work [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.025726","article-title":"Potential of ultrasonography for epidemiological study of work-related wrist tenosynovitis","volume":"64","author":"Violante","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.413","article-title":"Agreement between symptom surveys, physical examination procedures and electrodiagnostic findings for the carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Homan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Heal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30231-9","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"15","author":"Padua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162462","article-title":"Assessing the effects of biomechanical overload on dairy parlorworkers\u2019 wrist: Definition of a study approach and preliminary results","volume":"55","author":"Masci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref16","first-page":"141","article-title":"The usefulness of the Phalen test and the Hoffmann-Tinel sign in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Br\u00fcske","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1637-5","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta-analysis","volume":"469","author":"Fowler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15704","article-title":"Accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography in establishing the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg [Internet]"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref20","first-page":"1495","article-title":"A self-administered hand symptom diagram for the diagnosis and epidemiologic study of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Katz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199311000-00002","article-title":"Self-Administered Questionnaire for the Assessment of Severity of Symptoms and Functional Status in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome*. Investigation performed at the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery. R\/ieuu natologg and Immunology and the","volume":"75\u2013A","author":"Levine","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref25","first-page":"269","article-title":"Importance of the cold water test in the diagnosis and prognosis of the Raynaud phenomenon induced by vibrating equipment","volume":"112","author":"Lob","year":"1982","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-010-0032-9","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ultrasound: technical guidelines","volume":"1","author":"Martinoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Insights Imaging [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref27","first-page":"164","article-title":"Determination of cut-off point of cross-sectional area of median nerve at the wrist for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944715620799","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of the median nerve on ultrasound examination","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2011.12.001","article-title":"The electrodiagnostic approach to carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Watson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-152032","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of upper-limb work related musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Da Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"suppl.","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref32","first-page":"5","article-title":"Criteri per la trattazione e la classificazione di casi di malattia da sovraccarico biomeccanico degli arti superiori nell\u2019ambito della medicina del lavoro: documento di consenso di un gruppo di lavoro nazionale","volume":"96","author":"Colombini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref33","first-page":"282","article-title":"[Hand-arm vibration syndrome and upper limb disorders associated with forestry work]","volume":"95","author":"Bovenzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Lav [Internet]"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7217","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147217","article-title":"Hand-Wrist Disorders in Chainsaw Operators: A Follow-Up Study in a Group of Italian Loggers","volume":"18","author":"Masci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01076738","article-title":"Work-place surveillance for carpal tunnel syndrome: A comparison of methods","volume":"3","author":"Franzblau","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90124-A","article-title":"A self-administered hand diagram for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Katz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-006-9026-3","article-title":"Evaluation of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Werner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199711000-00004","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of carpal tunnel syndrome signs","volume":"76","author":"Kuhlman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23426","article-title":"Median nerve ultrasound as a screening tool in carpal tunnel syndrome: Correlation of cross-sectional area measures with electrodiagnostic abnormality","volume":"46","author":"Mhoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10276","article-title":"Cross-Sectional Area in Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnostic Accuracy","volume":"26","author":"Nakamichi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.08.489","article-title":"Accuracy of Ultra-sonography for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"99","author":"Torres-Costoso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2017.07.004","article-title":"Standard median nerve ultrasound in carpal tunnel syndrome: A retrospective review of 1,021 cases","volume":"2","author":"Billakota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh190","article-title":"Ultrasonography versus nerve conduction study in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: Substantive or complementary tests?","volume":"43","author":"El Miedany","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-205034_ref46","first-page":"206","article-title":"Hand-arm vibration syndrome: What family physicians should know","volume":"63","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician [Internet]"}],"container-title":["Work"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/WOR-205034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:51:52Z","timestamp":1777614712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/WOR-205034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/wor-205034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]}}}