{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:37:11Z","timestamp":1777891031145,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The frequency with which physicians are injured or killed in acute care hospital shootings has more than tripled during the past two decades. Moreover, physicians may be exposed to firearm violence outside of hospital settings. Objective: To characterize physician-involved workplace-related firearms violence to inform risk identification and mitigation strategies. Methods: Quantitative content analysis of physician-involved workplace-related firearm violence resulting in injury or death. Two investigators independently abstracted web-based reports for each year from 2008-2017 with differences resolved by consensus. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and analyzed using chi-square, Fisher exact, or Kruskal Wallis test, as appropriate. Results: Twenty-six incidents, 10 (38.5%) perpetrated by physicians and 16 (61.5%) perpetrated by nonphysicians, resulted in 83 casualties. All physician-perpetrated shootings represented either type III or IV violence motivated by grudges. Significantly more crimes perpetrated by nonphysicians were type II violence (11\/16, 68.8%), P\u200a&lt;\u200a.001, most representing grudges related to medical or surgical outcomes (7\/16, 43.8%), P\u200a=\u200a.003. Physician perpetrated shootings occurred significantly more often in the victim\u2019s home (5\/11, 45.4%), compared to nonphysician perpetrated attacks which more often occurred at a hospital or physician office (14\/16, 87.5%), P\u200a=\u200a.03. Urologists (4\/26, 15.4%) were disproportionately targeted. Conclusions: These data may inform practical education and training to identify potential perpetrators before a work-related attack occurs by or on a physician.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-205187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T13:58:17Z","timestamp":1646402297000},"page":"1157-1162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative content analysis of physician-involved work-related firearm violence in the United States, 2008-2017"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Zamore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Pinette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Wax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205187_ref2","first-page":"405","article-title":"Occupational traumatic injuriesamong workers in health care facilities -United States, 2012-2014","volume":"64","author":"Gomaa","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205187_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.08.012","article-title":"Hospital-based shootings in the United States: 2000 to 2011","volume":"60","author":"Kelen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205187_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-192970","article-title":"U.S. acute care hospital shootings, -A content analysis study","volume":"64","author":"Wax","year":"2019","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205187_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMms1800582","article-title":"Active-shooter response at a health care facility","volume":"379","author":"Inaba","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205187_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/1088767914536985","article-title":"Seasonal variation in homicide and assault across large U.S. cities","volume":"19","author":"McDowall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Homicide Studies"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205187_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1258\/msl.2011.010147","article-title":"The epidemiology of homicide in Italy by season, day of the week and time of day","volume":"52","author":"Sisti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205187_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx295","article-title":"Examining the association between temperature and emergency room visits from mental health-related outcomes in California","volume":"187","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-205187_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.06.002","article-title":"Firearm injuries in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Fowler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Work"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/WOR-205187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:52:18Z","timestamp":1777614738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/WOR-205187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/wor-205187","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]}}}