{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:37:44Z","timestamp":1777891064488,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Although the number of farmers in Korea is declining, the proportion of older farmers aged \u226560 increases. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze gender differences in working conditions, exposure to risk factors, and health problems of older crop farmers aged \u226560. METHODS: This study used data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) data of 818 male and 985 female crop farmers aged \u226560 years. RESULTS: This study showed that older female farmers had higher ratios of living alone (45.0% vs. 13.4%, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), lower education levels (80.7% vs. 53.4%, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), and lower average incomes (1.565 vs. 2.036 million KRW, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) than that of males. Among subjective scores on the exposure of risk factors, only females\u2019 repetitive motion (4.923) and awkward posture (4.415) scores were higher than that of males\u2019 repetitive motion (4.601) (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) and awkward posture (4.159) scores (p\u200a=\u200a0.001). However, female\u2019s health problem rates on upper limb pain (68.3%), lower extremity pain (67.6%), backache (48.4%), overall fatigue (44.8%), and headache and eyestrain (25.0%) were higher than that of male\u2019s complaint rates on upper limb pain (48.5%) (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), lower extremity pain (53.3%) (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), backache (35.0%) (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), overall fatigue (39.5%) (p\u200a=\u200a0.024), and headache and eyestrain (19.4%) (p\u200a=\u200a0.005). The rate of depression symptoms in females (54.6%), with a high proportion of single-person households, was higher than that of males (46.9%) (p\u200a=\u200a0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The musculoskeletal pains and depression symptoms of older female farmers are prevalent, and efforts and support are required to improve working conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-210138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T11:25:01Z","timestamp":1653650701000},"page":"1025-1033","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparisons of working conditions and health-related problems between older male and female crop farmers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6837-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Yong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea E-mail: byjeong@hansung.ac.kr; ORCiD:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210138_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.7856\/kjcls.2020.31.4.765","article-title":"Utilization and accident conditions of farmers\u2019 safety insurance","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Community Living Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210138_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.5143\/JESK.2011.30.4.443","article-title":"Ergonomic guidelines and intervention procedures for farm workers","volume":"30","author":"Jeong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ergon Soc Korea."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210138_ref6","first-page":"543","article-title":"Analysis of farming accident types by crops","volume":"37","author":"Son","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ergon Soc Korea"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210138_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162407","article-title":"Interventions to reduce injuries among older workers in agriculture: A review of evaluated intervention projects","volume":"55","author":"Nilsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210138_ref11","first-page":"591","article-title":"Development and validation of agricultural whole body assessment (AWBA)","volume":"37","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ergon Soc Korea"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210138_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-193038","article-title":"Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture workers in Korea and preventative interventions","volume":"64","author":"Kee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210138_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.21.1.140","article-title":"Thisted RA. 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