{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:37:55Z","timestamp":1777891075958,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Assessment of workplace violence towards healthcare workers represents a challenge for healthcare organizations worldwide. Workers\u2019 experience and perceived risk of violence may have a serious impact on job satisfaction and retention of workers. To date, no studies have been conducted on nursing students. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of physical and non-physical violence among nursing students during their clinical experiences and to analyze the perceived risk of violence. METHODS: Multicentre, cross-sectional survey. We enrolled a convenience sample of nursing students of the bachelor\u2019s degree in Nursing of the University of Milan (Italy). The students completed a structured questionnaire prepared in accordance with the available literature on violence in healthcare settings. RESULTS: Out of 1185 questionnaires sent, 603 were collected (50.89%). 35.1% had experience of verbal violence during the clinical internship training period, while 8.1% were victims of physical violence. 202 students (33.5%) reported unsafety, which was related to experience of physical or psychological violence, witnessed episodes of violence, gender, hospital structure and efficacy of the safety policies. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight that nursing students are exposed to the risk of violence which influences their perception of risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-210488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T13:50:06Z","timestamp":1658843406000},"page":"211-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Violence and unsafety in Italian hospitals: Experience and perceptions of nursing students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Paolo Teaching Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Terzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Paolo Teaching Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Destrebecq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Ruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Asl BAT, Andria, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Paolo Teaching Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Formenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Paolo Teaching Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Maugeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Rhodense, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-141890","article-title":"Individual, relationship, workplace, and societal recommendations for addressing healthcare workplace violence","volume":"51","author":"Gillespie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2019.07.006","article-title":"Violence against health professionals and facilities in China: Evidence from criminal litigation records","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.570459","article-title":"Violence against healthcare workers: A worldwide phenomenon with serious consequences","volume":"8","author":"Vento","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health Published"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref5","first-page":"403","article-title":"Violence and unsafety in a major Italian hospital: Experience and perceptions of health care workers","volume":"106","author":"Terzoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref6","first-page":"76","article-title":"Violence exposure among health care professionals in Saudi public hospitals","volume":"33","author":"Algwaiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"A preliminary investigation. Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3912\/OJIN.Vol18No01Man02","article-title":"Stressful incidents of physical violence against emergency nurses","volume":"18","author":"Gillespie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Online J Issues Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4103\/jfcm.JFCM_170_17","article-title":"Violence towards healthcare workers: A study conducted inAbha City, Saudi Arabia","volume":"25","author":"Alsaleem","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Family Community Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-015-0018-2","article-title":"Workplace violence towards workers in the emergency departments of Palestinian hospitals: A cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Hamdan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2009.09.013","article-title":"Using action research to plan a violence prevention program for emergency departments","volume":"37","author":"Gates","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.017","article-title":"Violence towards emergency nurses","volume":"81","author":"Ramacciati","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Italian National Survey A Qualitative Study. Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.20344\/am11465","article-title":"Workplace violence in healthcare: A single-center study on causes, consequences and prevention strategies","volume":"33","author":"Ant\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.7417\/CT.2019.2120","article-title":"Work related violence as a predictor of stress and correlated disorders in emergency department healthcare professionals","volume":"170","author":"Cannav\u00f2","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111347","article-title":"Sleep, health and wellness at work: A scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Magnavita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00997","article-title":"Sleep problems and workplace violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Magnavita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-19","article-title":"The prospective effects of workplace violence on physicians\u2019 job satisfaction and turnover intentions: The buffering effect of job control","volume":"14","author":"Heponiemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.7429\/pi.2013.662109","article-title":"Le aggressioni nei confronti degli infermieri dei dipartimenti di emergenza: Revisione della letteratura internazionale [Aggressions towards nurses in emergency departments: An international literature review]","volume":"66","author":"Brunetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prof Inferm"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2013.879564","article-title":"Assessment and analysis of workplace violence in a greek tertiary hospital","volume":"70","author":"Mantzouranis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-105849","article-title":"Prevalence of workplace violence against healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v110i2.7807","article-title":"Workplace violence towards healthcare workers: An observational study in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Rome","volume":"110","author":"Marte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-3938.2011.01101.x","article-title":"Working under threat: Fear and nurse-patient interactions in a forensic psychiatric setting","volume":"7","author":"Jacob","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Forensic Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0b013e318286477e","article-title":"Suggestions for handling anger in the workplace","volume":"32","author":"Miracle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-496","article-title":"Fear of crime and the environment: Systematic review of UK qualitative evidence","volume":"13","author":"Lorenc","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1097\/NNE.0000000000000841","article-title":"A nationwide italian cross-sectional study on nursing students\u2019 perceived workplace safety during clinical practice","volume":"46","author":"Gonella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Educ"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S267446","article-title":"Violence against healthcare workers at primary care centers in dammam and al khobar, eastern province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Alsmael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/316358"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2019.28.3.193","article-title":"The perception of clinical risk among students of different health professions: A multicentre study","volume":"28","author":"Castello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref28","first-page":"109","article-title":"Intention to leave nursing in a major Milan hospital: Current situation and future perspectives","volume":"100","author":"Destrebecq","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2834.2012.01416.x","article-title":"Impact of hospital security programmes and workplace aggression on nurse perceptions of safety","volume":"21","author":"Blando","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-210488_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12549","article-title":"Workplace violence is associated with impaired work functioning in nurses: An italian cross-sectional study","volume":"52","author":"Magnavita","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"}],"container-title":["Work"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/WOR-210488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:53:29Z","timestamp":1777614809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/WOR-210488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/wor-210488","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]}}}