{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:38:15Z","timestamp":1777891095426,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are leading cause of injuries among economically backward workers employed under small scale metal casting units especially in developing countries. In India, most casting unit\u2019s falls under small and medium enterprises having inadequacy of advanced technological equipment\u2019s due to several economic constraints and rely intensively on manual labour. Foundry work is very much prone to WMSDs involving much physical interaction of workers with their jobs which includes several risk factors. OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were to analyse the musculoskeletal risk prevalence among small scale casting workers using ergonomic assessment tools and statistical approach. METHODS: In present study, WMSDs risk prevalence has been examined using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and virtual ergonomics. Further, risk evaluations were analysed using Mann\u2013Whitney U test and Taguchi L25 orthogonal array. RESULTS: Results revealed manual handling task as being most vulnerable followed by the fettling section. Statistically significant differences were observed (p-value &lt;\u200a0.05) among all the work-sections except lift-lower task and molding section (p\u200a=\u200a0.361; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05) for left side region; and lift-lower task and fettling section (p\u200a=\u200a0.230; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05) for the right side region, where differences were not statistically significant. ANOVA results indicated that workstation height followed by population percentile and object weight were dominant factors significantly affecting the response parameter i.e. L4-L5 spine compression (p-value &lt;\u200a0.01); however workstation width (p-value &gt;\u200a0.05) had no significant effect. CONCLUSION: The present study may guide foundry industrialists in analysing the mismatch between the workers\u2019 job profile and redesigning existing workstation layouts in small scale foundries based on minimizing the WMSDs risk severity associated with the work tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-210867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T12:24:18Z","timestamp":1655468658000},"page":"1429-1442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analyzing musculoskeletal risk-severity among small scale casting workers using ergonomic assessment tools: A statistical approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Krishan Kumar","family":"Kataria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milap","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narendra","family":"Mohan Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Luthra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ch. 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