{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:38:25Z","timestamp":1777891105992,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Social distancing was implemented worldwide due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This impacted physical activity levels and increased the time spent in sedentary behaviors which may contributed to the emergence of increased musculoskeletal complaints. OBJECTIVE: To assess the consequences of social distancing for the increase in perceived pain of students and professors from higher education institutions. METHODS: One thousand two hundred and fifty-four participants responded to an online survey containing sociodemographic information and questions related to daily habits, physical activity profile, and musculoskeletal pain before and during the pandemic. Levels of concentration, nervousness, productivity, and visual fatigue were also assessed. The primary outcome was presence of perceived pain before and during the pandemic, dichotomized between those with and without increased pain during the pandemic. RESULTS: Perceived pain increased during the pandemic (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) and was associated with females (p\u200a=\u200a0.023; PR\u200a=\u200a1.16; 95% CI\u200a=\u200a1.02\u20131.32), income up to one minimum wage (p\u200a=\u200a0.039; PR\u200a=\u200a1.20; 95% CI\u200a=\u200a1.01\u20131.42), no physical activity practice (p\u200a=\u200a0.006; PR\u200a=\u200a1.22; 95% CI\u200a=\u200a1.06\u20131.40), long time in sedentary behavior (p\u200a=\u200a0.013; PR\u200a=\u200a3.07; 95% CI\u200a=\u200a1.27\u20137.43), and electronic device usage for\u200a&gt;\u200a6 hours (p\u200a=\u200a0.041; PR\u200a=\u200a1.44; 95% CI\u200a=\u200a1.02\u20132.06). Nervousness (p\u200a=\u200a0.001) and visual fatigue (p\u200a=\u200a0.001) increased, whereas concentration (p\u200a=\u200a0.001) and productivity (p\u200a=\u200a0.001) reduced during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced physical activity practice and increased time in sedentary behavior and electronic device usage during the pandemic were associated with increased musculoskeletal pain in students and professors from higher education institutions. Decreased concentration and productivity and increased nervousness and visual fatigue were also observed during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-211053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T13:38:15Z","timestamp":1660916295000},"page":"761-768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Consequences of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic on the increase in perceived pain of students and professors from higher education institutions: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Liane Brito","family":"Macedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences of Trair\u00ed, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanderson Jos\u00e9","family":"Costa de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nayara Karina Ferreira","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences of Trair\u00ed, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta de Oliveira","family":"Cacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences of Trair\u00ed, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9cio Gabriel","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences of Trair\u00ed, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref2","first-page":"e2020002","article-title":"Immediate Health Surveillance Response to COVID-19 Epidemic","volume":"29","author":"Croda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiologia e servicos de sa\u00fade: revista do Sistema \u00danico de Sa\u00fade do Brasil"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22813","article-title":"COVID-19\u2013Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children","volume":"28","author":"Rundle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence","volume":"395","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30374-3","article-title":"COVID-19: what is next for public health?","volume":"395","author":"Heymann","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref7","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Report Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand","volume":"9","author":"Ferguson","journal-title":"Imperial College COVID Response Team"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref8","first-page":"e2020222","article-title":"Nonpharmaceutical interventions for tackling the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil","volume":"29","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiologia e Servi\u00e7os sa\u00fade: Revista do Sistema \u00danico Sa\u00fade do Brasil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181e373a2","article-title":"Too much sitting: The population health science of sedentary behavior","volume":"38","author":"Owen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.10.015","article-title":"Sedentary behaviors and health outcomes among adults: A systematic review of prospective studies","volume":"40","author":"Proper","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.14687\/jhs.v17i2.6005","article-title":"COVID-19 immune system and exercise","volume":"17","author":"Aktug","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hum Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211053_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5332","DOI":"10.3390\/su12135332","article-title":"Working from Home\u2014 Who Is Happy? 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