{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:38:45Z","timestamp":1777891125693,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The occurrence of subacromial pain syndrome (SPS) is associated with the frequent handling and lifting of heavy loads and excessive repetitive work. Thus, assembly workers have a high prevalence of SPS. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in shoulder ROM, muscle strength, asymmetry ratio, function, productivity, and depression between workers with and without SPS. METHODS: Sixty-seven male workers (35 workers with SPS and 32 workers without SPS) participated in this study. Shoulder internal rotation (SIR), shoulder external rotation (SER), shoulder abduction (SAB), shoulder horizontal adduction ROM and SIR, SER, elbow flexion (EF), scapular depression and adduction, scapular protraction strength were measured. The asymmetry ratio was calculated using the asymmetry ratio formula; shoulder functions were measured using the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH), and visual analogue scale (VAS); and Endicott work productivity scale (EWPS). RESULTS: The SPADI (p\u200a=\u200a0.001), DASH (p\u200a=\u200a0.001), and VAS (p\u200a=\u200a0.001) values of workers with SPS were higher than those of workers without SPS. Also, workers with SPS had lower SIR (p\u200a=\u200a0.001) and SAB (p\u200a=\u200a0.002) ROM compared to workers without SPS. In addition, workers with SPS exhibited lower SIR (p\u200a=\u200a0.012) strength than workers without SPS. Workers with SPS had higher asymmetry ratio in SIR (p\u200a=\u200a0.015), SER (p\u200a=\u200a0.005), and EF (p\u200a=\u200a0.008) strength than workers without SPS. CONCLUSIONS: The SIR, SAB ROM, SIR strength, and the asymmetry ratio of SIR, SER, EF strengths could provide an important baseline comparison for the workers with SPS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-211310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1669370565000},"page":"1091-1101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of shoulder functions between assembly workers with and without subacromial pain syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jun-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Hwi","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye-Seon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woochol Joseph","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hyuck","family":"Weon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Tourism & Health Science, Joongbu University, Geumsan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oh-Yun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.7.494","article-title":"Shoulder impingement syndrome in relation to shoulder intensive work","volume":"56","author":"Frost","year":"1999","journal-title":"Occup Env Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280050801","article-title":"Quantification of posterior capsule tightness and motion loss in patients with shoulder impingement","volume":"28","author":"Tyler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2224-2","article-title":"The epidemiology of MRI detected shoulder injuries in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics","volume":"19","author":"Murakami","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4612","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-0077-4612","article-title":"Influence of anthropometry on meat-packing plant workers: an approach to the shoulder joint","volume":"41","author":"Reis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254010-00003","article-title":"Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder","volume":"54","author":"Neer","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00047-0","article-title":"Anatomical and biomechanical mechanisms of subacromial impingement syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Michener","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199712000-00012","article-title":"Subacromial impingement syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Bigliani","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.3.276","article-title":"Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement","volume":"80","author":"Ludewig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800406","article-title":"Patterns of flexibility, laxity, and strength in normal shoulders and shoulders with instability and impingement","volume":"18","author":"Warner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref10","unstructured":"Neumann DA . Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system-e-book: foundations for rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref12","first-page":"403","article-title":"Mobility impairment, muscle imbalance, muscle weakness, scapular asymmetry and shoulder injury in elite volleyball athletes","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref13","first-page":"51","article-title":"Shoulder muscle imbalance and subacromial impingement syndrome in overhead athletes","volume":"6","author":"Page","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.023","article-title":"Effects of scapular stabilization exercise training on scapular kinematics, disability, and pain in subacromial impingement: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Turgut","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.05.043","article-title":"Shoulder rotator strength in patients with stage I-II subacromial impingement: relationship to pain, disability, and quality of life","volume":"17","author":"Erol","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500407","article-title":"Shoulder strength and range of motion in symptomatic and pain-free elite swimmers","volume":"25","author":"Bak","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198303000-00010","article-title":"Impingement lesions","volume":"173","author":"Neer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658100900102","article-title":"Shoulder impingement syndromes in athletes and their surgical management","volume":"9","author":"Penny","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-009-9044-9","article-title":"Coracoid impingement syndrome: a literature review","volume":"2","author":"Okoro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508324966","article-title":"Internal impingement of the shoulder","volume":"37","author":"Heyworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref21","first-page":"194","article-title":"Shoulder posterior internal impingement in the overhead athlete","volume":"8","author":"Manske","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1001","article-title":"Acupuncture and electro-acupuncture for people diagnosed with subacromial pain syndrome: A multicentre randomized trial","volume":"21","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140156","article-title":"Staged approach for rehabilitation classification: shoulder disorders (STAR\u2013Shoulder)","volume":"95","author":"McClure","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2015.39.5.705","article-title":"Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the korean version of the shoulder disability questionnaire and shoulder rating questionnaire","volume":"39","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.12.005","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and clinical evaluation of a Korean version of the disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand outcome questionnaire (K-DASH)","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref26","first-page":"13","article-title":"Endicott Work Productivity Scale (EWPS): a new measure to assess treatment effects","volume":"33","author":"Endicott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-182850","article-title":"Work productivity of people with a psychiatric disability working in social firms","volume":"62","author":"Corbiere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200212000-00028","article-title":"Glenohumeral joint total rotation range of motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers","volume":"34","author":"Ellenbecker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2018.1455121","article-title":"Effect of applying consistent pressure to the stationary and the moving arm on measurement reliability of glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion","volume":"35","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90038-7","article-title":"Goniometric assessment of shoulder range of motion: comparison of testing in supine and sitting positions","volume":"79","author":"Sabari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.18.08454-2","article-title":"Effects of 4-week self-cross body stretching with scapular stabilization on shoulder motions and horizontal adductor strength in subjects with limited shoulder horizontal adduction: cross body stretching with stabilization","volume":"59","author":"Joung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.2.18","article-title":"Selective activation of the infraspinatus muscle","volume":"48","author":"Ha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.12674\/ptk.2020.27.2.140","article-title":"Prediction model for the risk of scapular winging in young women based on the decision tree","volume":"27","author":"Gwak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther Korea"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2011.11.002","article-title":"Comparison of electromyographic activity of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle in different arm-lifting scapular posterior tilt exercises","volume":"13","author":"Ha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.2189","article-title":"Scapulothoracic and glenohumeral kinematics following an external rotation fatigue protocol","volume":"36","author":"Ebaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505281804","article-title":"Glenohumeral range of motion deficits and posterior shoulder tightness in throwers with pathologic internal impingement","volume":"34","author":"Myers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760170017","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of scapular rotational tilt in chronic shoulder impingement syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Endo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-010-0082-7","article-title":"Supraspinatus and infraspinatus weakness in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis: strength assessment before and after restoration of scapular musculature balance","volume":"94","author":"Merolla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"issue":"304","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref39","first-page":"108","article-title":"Isokinetic evaluation of rotational strength in normal shoulders and shoulders with impingement syndrome","author":"Leroux","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.03.009","article-title":"The impact of rotator cuff pathology on isometric and isokinetic strength, function, and quality of life","volume":"13","author":"MacDermid","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.8.1075","article-title":"Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome","volume":"86","author":"McClure","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref42","first-page":"104","article-title":"Isokinetic scapular muscle performance in overhead athletes with and without impingement symptoms","volume":"40","author":"Cools","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00570.x","article-title":"Trapezius activity and intramuscular balance during isokinetic exercise in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms","volume":"17","author":"Cools","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sport"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref44","unstructured":"Ackland TR , Elliott B , Bloomfield J . Applied anatomy and biomechanics in sport. Human Kinetics; 2009."},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref45","unstructured":"Donatelli RA , Wooden MJ . Orthopaedic physical therapy. Elsevier health sciences; 2009."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.06.015","article-title":"Relation between narrowed coracohumeral distance and subscapularis tears","volume":"21","author":"Richards","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.109410","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles in persons with subacromial impingement","volume":"9","author":"Reddy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648080-00003","article-title":"Surgical treatment of bicipital tenosynovitis","volume":"48","author":"Crenshaw","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"164","key":"10.3233\/WOR-211310_ref49","first-page":"165","article-title":"Surgical treatment of lesions of the long head of the biceps","author":"Dines","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["Work"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/WOR-211310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:54:51Z","timestamp":1777614891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/WOR-211310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/wor-211310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]}}}