{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:41:38Z","timestamp":1777891298146,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Physical exercise participation among female students is significantly compromised throughout the academic periods of college or university due to scholastic demands and also by less parental and community encouragements. Thus, physical inactivity in female college students leads to less musculoskeletal efficiency and work performance. OBJECTIVE: Customized yogic module may be considered to enhance both aerobic and anaerobic power, pulmonary capacity and musculoskeletal efficiency for the improvement of systemic body functions among female college students. METHODS: A randomized, controlled parallel study design (n\u200a=\u200a60; age\u200a=\u200a20.16\u00b12.05 years), on sedentary female college students practicing customized yogic module (n\u200a=\u200a30) for 5 days \/ week for 3 months (60\u200amin daily in the morning) to observe anthropometric, physiological, cardiopulmonary and muscular endurance indices. RESULTS: After yogic practice, a significant reduction in body fat (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05) (%), heart rate (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), systolic blood pressure (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), double product (p\u20390.01) and rate pressure product (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05) were estimated. Significant improvement (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) in vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1\u200asec was also observed. Evaluation of hand grip strength, maximal oxygen consumption and physical work capacity showed significant increase (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.01) after yogic intervention. CONCLUSIONS: A three-month customized yogic training improved resting physiological activities, cardiopulmonary functions, musculoskeletal strength and endurance fitness due to focused breathing, mindfulness meditation and by stretching-strengthening patterns for achieving recreational physical activity among female college students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-230200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T12:20:19Z","timestamp":1713270019000},"page":"1201-1212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Yogistic efficacy on cardiopulmonary capacities, endurance efficiencies and musculoskeletal potentialities in female college students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Sudeep","family":"Mitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology & Department of BMLT, Laboratory of Human Performance, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women\u2019s College (Autonomous), Midnapore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mousumi","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology & Department of BMLT, Laboratory of Human Performance, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women\u2019s College (Autonomous), Midnapore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Purna","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology & Department of BMLT, Laboratory of Human Performance, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women\u2019s College (Autonomous), Midnapore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mantu","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Work Physiology & Yoga Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dilip Kumar","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology & Department of BMLT, Laboratory of Human Performance, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women\u2019s College (Autonomous), Midnapore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0255634","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255634","article-title":"Gender differences in perceived stress and coping among college students","volume":"16","author":"Graves","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref3","unstructured":"American College Health Association. American college health association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference group executive summary spring 2019. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association. 2019 Jun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.1995.9937506","article-title":"A stages of change approach to understanding college students\u2019 physical activity","volume":"44","author":"Pinto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8093-2","article-title":"Pattern of physical exercise practice among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (before beginning and during college): A cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.01.010","article-title":"Effect of social media use on learning, social interactions, and sleep duration among university students","volume":"28","author":"Kolhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2023-0035","article-title":"Efficacy of Yoga for COVID-19 Stress Prophylaxis","volume":"20","author":"Mitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Activity and Health"},{"issue":"9838","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60646-1","article-title":"Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects","volume":"380","author":"Hallal","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2022.10.013","article-title":"The India Report Card on physical activity for children and adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Bhawra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-007-9056-8","article-title":"Implications of chronic heart failure on peripheral vasculature and skeletal muscle before and after exercise training","volume":"13","author":"Duscha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Failure Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref11","first-page":"48","article-title":"Functional reserves of external respiration system and overall physical working capacity of students","author":"Korepanov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theory and Practice of Physical Culture"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111199","article-title":"A proposal for reference values of hand grip strength in women with different body mass indexes","volume":"87","author":"Morlino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0659-8","article-title":"Physical activity and sedentary time are related to clinically relevant health outcomes among adults with obstructive lung disease","volume":"18","author":"Dogra","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0265913","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265913","article-title":"Barriers to high school and university students\u2019 physical activity: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Ferreira Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-11-26","article-title":"Physical activity and inactivity patterns in India\u2013results from the ICMR-INDIAB study (Phase-1)[ICMR-INDIAB-5]","volume":"11","author":"Anjana","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2020.1843466","article-title":"The effects of yoga on student mental health: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Elstad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref18","first-page":"343","article-title":"Improvement in muscular efficiency as related to a standard task after yogic exercises in middle aged men","volume":"83","author":"US","year":"1986","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/bjhs.bjhs_35_19","article-title":"Study the influence of yogic asana on body composition and cardiopulmonary functions of adolescent girls","volume":"5","author":"Manna","year":"2020","journal-title":"BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forseth B , Boyer W , Miller A , Fitzhugh EC . Demographic, health behavior, and cardiometabolic risk factor profilein yoga and non-yoga participants: NHANES \u2013Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2019;44:123\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.04.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9542-2","article-title":"Yoga and psychophysiological determinants of cardiovascular health: Comparing yoga practitioners, runners, and sedentary individuals","volume":"47","author":"Satin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv071","article-title":"The safety of yoga: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"182","author":"Cramer","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.03.012","article-title":"A systematic scoping review of yoga intervention components and study quality","volume":"47","author":"Elwy","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02586-8","article-title":"Health status of aged women with or without the experience of practicing yoga","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6702767","article-title":"Effects of continuous yoga on body composition in obese adolescents","author":"Na Nongkhai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9683-7","article-title":"Age-related changes in cardiovascular system, autonomic functions, and levels of BDNF of healthy active males: Role of yogic practice","volume":"36","author":"Pal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1916.00080130010002","article-title":"A formula to estimate the approx-imate surface area if height and weight be known","volume":"17","author":"DuBois","year":"1916","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref29","first-page":"493","article-title":"Effect of 4 weeks\u2019 yoga practice on respiratory function tests in young adults","volume":"9","author":"Akhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.57.3.549","article-title":"The rate-pressure product as an index of myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise in patients with angina pectoris","volume":"57","author":"Gobel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198502030-00001","article-title":"PWC 75% Hrmax: A measure of aerobic work capacity","volume":"2","author":"Miyashita","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aerobic work capacity in men and women with special reference to age","volume":"49","author":"Astrand","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta. Physiol. Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref33","first-page":"267","article-title":"Diurnal variations in human pulmonary function","volume":"1","author":"Medarov","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref35","first-page":"70","article-title":"Effect of yoga exercises on the body composition of fasting females","volume":"1","author":"Zorofi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition, Fasting and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200202-138BC","article-title":"Humming greatly increases nasal nitric oxide","volume":"166","author":"Weitzberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026454804927","article-title":"Oxygen consumption and respiration following two yoga relaxation techniques","volume":"25","author":"Telles","year":"2000","journal-title":"Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref38","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Effects of a 12-week hatha yoga intervention on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility in Hong Kong Chinese adults: A controlled clinical trial","author":"Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074008","article-title":"Quadriceps muscle strength in scoliosis","volume":"34","author":"Swallow","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref40","first-page":"204","article-title":"Effect of bastrika pranayama on pulmonary function","volume":"3","author":"Patil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref41","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effect of duration of yoga training on pulmonary function tests and respiratory pressures in sedentary healthy adult population of Nagpur","volume":"9","author":"Jiwtode","year":"2016","journal-title":"AA J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref42","first-page":"412","article-title":"Pulmonary functions in Indian sportsmen playing different sports","volume":"42","author":"Mehrotra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180574e0e","article-title":"Exercise and acute cardiovascular events: Placing the risks into perspective","volume":"39","author":"Thompson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref44","first-page":"176","article-title":"Effects of an active eccentric stretching program for the knee flexor muscles on range of motion and torque","volume":"12","author":"Batista","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"1S","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.1991.6.1s.218","article-title":"The role of passive stretch and repetitiveelectrical stimulation in preventing skeletal muscle atrophy whilereprogramming gene expression to improve fatigue resistance","volume":"6","author":"Goldspink","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journalof Cardiac Surgery"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref46","first-page":"494","article-title":"Effect of smoking on anthropometric somatotype & grip strength","volume":"87","author":"Parkash","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh DK , Garg R , Tripathi Y , Mann N , Sharma V . Effect of pranayama and \u201cOM\u201d meditation on visual reaction time, hand grip dynamometer endurance and stress in medical students. J Med Sci Clin Res. 2019;7(7).","DOI":"10.18535\/jmscr\/v7i7.140"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref48","first-page":"7","article-title":"Oxygen consumption during ujjayi Pranayama","volume":"21","author":"Karambelkar","year":"1982","journal-title":"Yoga Mimamsa"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref49","first-page":"45","article-title":"Effect of short term yogic training programme on cardiovascular endurance","volume":"4","author":"Ganguly","year":"1981","journal-title":"Snipes Journal"},{"key":"10.3233\/WOR-230200_ref50","first-page":"81","article-title":"Comparison of effects of yoga & physical exercise in athletes","volume":"100","author":"Raju","year":"1994","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"}],"container-title":["Work"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/WOR-230200","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:59:41Z","timestamp":1777615181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/WOR-230200"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Valerie J. Berg","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/wor-230200","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]}}}