{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:42:02Z","timestamp":1777891322193,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pushing is a typical workplace activity that may result in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A convenient method of assessing the risk of MSDs is to determine the association between the force applied and the subjective rating of force exertion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the relationship between the subjective rating of force exertion and the force applied to both a fixed and a movable handle. It also aimed to confirm that the participants could apply a higher one-handed push force at shoulder height than at elbow height.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A one-handed pushing experiment was conducted. In the push-to-scale session, the participants pushed a handle fixed on a rig on four levels on the CR-10 scale. The push force was measured. In the force-rating session, the participants rated their force exertions when pushing a movable handle with metal blocks suspended on the two sides. The subjective ratings on the CR-10 were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The one-handed push force at shoulder height was significantly higher than that at elbow height. More effort was needed to push on a movable handle than a fixed one. Two regression models were established to describe the relationship between the push force and the subjective ratings of pushing for each of the fixed and movable handles, respectively. The correlation coefficient results showed that these models are adequate to describe the relationship between the one-handed push force and the ratings of the CR-10 scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants applied a higher one-handed push force at shoulder height than at elbow height was confirmed. Participants needed more efforts to push the movable handle under the same CR-10 level than the fixed handle. The predictive models developed in this study may be used to estimate the push force for one-handed pushing tasks when assessing the risk of MSDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-230432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T12:16:07Z","timestamp":1711109767000},"page":"471-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship between one-handed push force and subjective rating of force exertion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Cannan","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Technology","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Technology","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Technology","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai Way","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Technology","place":["China"]},{"name":"Chung Hua University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Technology","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-210742"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-205204"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1075605"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2020.1763899"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"395","article-title":"The relationship between work history, work environment and low-back pain in men","volume":"9","author":"Damkot DK","year":"1984","unstructured":"DamkotDK, PopeMH, LordJ, FrymoyerJW. 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