{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:46:18Z","timestamp":1777891578937,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology: Clinical Applications of Diagnosis and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human eye is affected by the different eye diseases including choroidal neovascularization (CNV), diabetic macular edema (DME) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This work aims to design an artificial intelligence (AI) based clinical decision support system for eye disease detection and classification to assist the ophthalmologists more effectively detecting and classifying CNV, DME and drusen by using the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images depicting different tissues. The methodology used for designing this system involves different deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) models and long short-term memory networks (LSTM). The best image captioning model is selected after performance analysis by comparing nine different image captioning systems for assisting ophthalmologists to detect and classify eye diseases. The quantitative data analysis results obtained for the image captioning models designed using DenseNet201 with LSTM have superior performance in terms of overall accuracy of 0.969, positive predictive value of 0.972 and true-positive rate of 0.969using OCT images enhanced by the generative adversarial network (GAN). The corresponding performance values for the Xception with LSTM image captioning models are 0.969, 0.969 and 0.938, respectively. Thus, these two models yield superior performance and have potential to assist ophthalmologists in making optimal diagnostic decision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/xst-200697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T11:05:18Z","timestamp":1592910318000},"page":"975-988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An enhanced OCT image captioning system to assist ophthalmologists in detecting and classifying eye diseases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sivamurugan","family":"Vellakani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, SSN College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indumathi","family":"Pushbam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/XST-190559"},{"key":"ref002","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Qu S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"29th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC)"},{"key":"ref003","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"Fan Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE 30th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"ref004","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Wu L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"2017 International Conference on Security, Pattern Analysis and Cybernetics (SPAC)"},{"key":"ref005","first-page":"1231","volume":"12","author":"Gu J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2741510"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2700381"},{"key":"ref008","unstructured":"LiuX., LiH., ShaoJ. et al., Show, tell and discriminate: image captioning by self-retrieval with partially labelled data,\n                      arXiv: 1803.08314v3\n                      , (2018), 1\u201317."},{"key":"ref009","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"Amritkar C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fourth International Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2855406"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu.J., CaiJ., WangG. and ChenT., Stack-captioning: coarse-to-fine learning for image captioning,\n                      arXiv: 1709.03376v3\n                      (2018), 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.12266"},{"key":"ref012","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"Aneja J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2855422"},{"key":"ref014","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Shabir S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"The 1st International Conference on Power, Energy and Smart Grid (ICPESG)"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2869276"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2019.2890970"}],"container-title":["Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology: Clinical Applications of Diagnosis and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/XST-200697","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/XST-200697","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/XST-200697","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:07:12Z","timestamp":1777615632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/XST-200697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/XST-200697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/xst-200697","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-3996","1095-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-3996","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]}}}