{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:48:14Z","timestamp":1777891694872,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["XST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Shielding glass materials doped with heavy metal oxides show an improvement in the effectiveness of the materials used in radiation shielding. In this work, the photon shielding parameters of six tellurite glass systems doped with several metal oxides namely, 70TeO2-10P2O5- 10ZnO- 5.0PbF2- 0.0024Er2O3- 5.0X (where X represents different doped metail oxides namely, Nb2O5, TiO2, WO3, PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO) in a broad energy spectrum, ranging from 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV, were evaluated. The shielding parameters were calculated using the online software Phy-X\/PSD. The highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients recorded were obtaibed from the samples containing bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), and the lowest half-value layer and mean free path were recorded among the other samples. Furthermore, the shielding effectiveness of tellurite glass systems was compared with commercial shielding materials (RS-369, RS-253 G18, chromite, ferrite, magnetite, and barite). The optical parameters viz, dispersion energy, single-oscillator energy, molar refraction, electronic polarizability, non-linear refractive indices, n2, and third-order susceptibility were measured and reported at a different wavelength. Bi2O3 has a strong effect on enhancing the optical and shielding properties. The outcome of this study suggests the potential of using the proposed glass samples as radiation-shielding materials for a broad range of imaging and therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/xst-211017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T08:42:16Z","timestamp":1640940136000},"page":"293-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optical and radiation shielding characteristics of tellurite glass doped with different rare-earth oxides"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid I.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Instrumentation, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hesham","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultarsonic Laboratory, National Institute for Standards, El-Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Reben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH \u2013 University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Grelowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH \u2013 University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba Y.","family":"Zahran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Physics, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-Medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Metallurgical Lab. 2 Physics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.S.","family":"Yahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Physics, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-Medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Metallurgical Lab. 2 Physics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El Sayed","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Physics, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut branch, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.07.248","article-title":"Investigation of mechanical features and gamma-ray shielding efficiency of ternary TeO2-based glass systems containing Li2O, Na2O, K2O, or ZnO","volume":"46","author":"Rammah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceramics International"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120245","article-title":"Radiation shielding features of zirconolite silicate glasses using XCOM and FLUKA simulation code","volume":"545","author":"Akyildirim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.06.043","article-title":"Ionizing radiation attenuation competences of gallium germanate-tellurite glasses utilizing MCNP5 simulation code and Phy-X\/PSD program","volume":"46","author":"Rammah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceramics International"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3233\/XST-200780","article-title":"Optically transparent glass modified with metal oxides for X-rays and gamma rays shielding material","volume":"29","author":"Hussein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2020.109248","article-title":"Gamma-ray attenuation, fast neutron removal cross-section and build up factor of Cu2MnGe[S, Se, Te]4 semiconductor compounds: Novel approach","volume":"179","author":"Sabry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P01002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/16\/01\/P01002","article-title":"Radiation attenuation and photoluminescence properties of host tellurite glasses doped with Er3\u00a0+ ions","volume":"16","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Instrumentation"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref8","first-page":"297","article-title":"The use of ionising radiation to image nuclear fuel: A review","volume":"85 (","author":"Hmod","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress in Nuclear Energy"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1051\/agro\/2010009","article-title":"Ionising radiation and area-wide management of insect pests to promote sustainable agriculture","volume":"31","author":"Vreysen","year":"2011","journal-title":"A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.27.6.1491","article-title":"Rising use of diagnostic medical imaging in a large integrated health system","volume":"27","author":"Smith-Bindman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604994","article-title":"Childhood exposure to external ionising radiation and solid cancer risk","volume":"100","author":"Sadetzki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncr265","article-title":"Global view on radiation protection in medicine","volume":"147","author":"Vano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"N9","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/32\/1\/N9","article-title":"Medical effects and risks of exposure to ionising radiation","volume":"32","author":"Mettler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Radiological Protection"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.06.033","article-title":"Current issues and actions in radiation protection of patients","volume":"76","author":"Holmberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01043-7","article-title":"Applying radiation protection and safety in radiotherapy","volume":"124","author":"Magrini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2020.108688","article-title":"Estimation of effective dose using two ICRP criteria, applied to radiation protection of personnel in an unshielded PET cyclotron facility","volume":"171","author":"Jakubowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2014.08.003","article-title":"Radiation shielding competence of silicate and borate heavy metal oxide glasses: Comparative study","volume":"404","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2014.10.022","article-title":"Gamma radiation shielding analysis of lead-flyash concretes","volume":"95","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isot"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2010.03.005","article-title":"Operator shielding: how and why","volume":"13","author":"Schueler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35510","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b10600","article-title":"Enhanced Radiation Shielding with Conformal Light-Weight Nanoparticle-Polymer Composite","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2020.108723","article-title":"Radiation shielding properties of silicon polymers","volume":"171","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2019.03.001","article-title":"The radiation shielding features for some silicide, boride and oxide types ceramics","volume":"160","author":"Akman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.01.109","article-title":"Radiation shielding properties of transparent erbium zinc tellurite glass system determined at medical diagnostic energies","volume":"741","author":"Tijani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2018.04.029","article-title":"Shielding properties of glasses with different heavy elements additives for radiation shielding in the energy range 15\u2013300 keV","volume":"150","author":"Waly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2017.08.030","article-title":"UV- vis- NIR and luminescent characterization of PZCdO:Tm laser oxide glasses","volume":"73","author":"Al-Assiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optical Materials"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2019.108496","article-title":"Phy-X\/PSD: Development of a user friendly online software for calculation of parameters relevant to radiation shielding and dosimetry","volume":"166","author":"\u015eakar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2016.05.028","article-title":"Gamma-ray mass attenuation coefficient and half value layer factor of some oxide glass shielding materials","volume":"96","author":"Waly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Nuclear Energy"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2017.06.001","article-title":"Investigation of structural, thermal properties and shielding parameters for multicomponent borate glasses for gamma and neutron radiation shielding applications","volume":"471","author":"Lakshminarayana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnucene.2016.12.014","article-title":"A comparative study of gadolinium based oxide and oxyfluoride glasses as low energy radiation shielding materials","volume":"97","author":"Shamshad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Progress in Nuclear Energy"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2016.03.015","article-title":"Development of BaO\u2013ZnO\u2013B2O3 glasses as a radiation shielding material","volume":"137","author":"Chanthima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.3.1338","article-title":"Behavior of electronic dielectric constant in covalent and ionic materials","volume":"3","author":"Wemple","year":"1971","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2015.11.087","article-title":"Physical and optical properties of Dy3+\/Pr3+Co-doped lithium borate glasses for W-LED","volume":"660","author":"Pawar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2004.04.040","article-title":"WinXCom - a program for calculating X-ray attenuation coefficients","volume":"71","author":"Gerward","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref34","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Photon and neutron shielding performance of boron phosphate glasses for diagnostic radiology facilities","volume":"12","author":"Tekin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Phys"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0197-x","article-title":"Investigation of bismuth silicate glass system modified by vanadium and copper cations for structural and gamma-ray shielding properties","volume":"1","author":"Saudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Applied Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.08.258","article-title":"X-ray photons attenuation characteristics for two tellurite-based glass systems at dental diagnostic energies","volume":"46","author":"Al-Hadeethi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceramics International"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.15669\/pnst.4.548","article-title":"Parameter search of geometric-progression formula for gamma-ray isotropic point source buildup factors up to depths of 100 mfp, including contribution of secondary radiations","volume":"4","author":"Harima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2019.01.094","article-title":"Photon and neutron shielding characteristics of samarium doped lead alumino borate glasses containing barium, lithium and zinc oxides determined at medical diagnostic energies","volume":"12","author":"Almatari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Results in Physics"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2013.09.015","article-title":"Comparative study of gamma ray shielding and some properties of Pb-SiO2-Al2O3 and Bi2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 glass systems","volume":"96","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2011.10.021","article-title":"Study of photon interactions and shielding properties of silicate glasses containing Bi2O3, BaO and PbO in the energy region of 1 keV to 100 GeV","volume":"41","author":"Chanthima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Nuclear Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/XST-211017_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5373-MR-2016-0040","article-title":"Comparative study of radiation shielding parameters for bismuth borate glasses","volume":"19","author":"Kaundal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Materials Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/XST-211017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:09:20Z","timestamp":1777615760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medra.org\/servlet\/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233\/XST-211017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/xst-211017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-3996","1095-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-3996","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]}}}