{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:05:52Z","timestamp":1784819152214,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology: Clinical Applications of Diagnosis and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Medical imaging plays a crucial role in modern medicine. In order to provide fast and accurate medical diagnosis, computed tomography (CT) is a commonly used tool in radiological examinations, and 640-slice CT is the most advanced CT imaging modality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the radiation dose and the risk under 640-slice abdominal CT examination.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n Examinations were performed using a 640-slice CT scanner on an Alderson-Rando anthropomorphic phantom. The used scanning acquisition parameters were the same as those used on abdominal examination without contrast medium injection in clinical practice. To measure the absorbed doses, optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) were put into liver, stomach, bladder, gonads, colon, small intestine, bone marrow, and skin.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n According to the 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP Publication 60), the calculated effective doses received from this examination were 0.90\u200amSv in males and 0.89\u200amSv in females. According to the 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP Publication 103), the calculated effective dose received from this examination was 0.83\u200amSv in both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Radiation doses obtained from the abdominal 640-slice CT examination are lower than the yearly cumulative doses received from natural radiation, revealing there is no deterministic effect and radiation risk is relatively low; therefore, this CT examination is considered safe.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/xst-211101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T12:26:45Z","timestamp":1648816005000},"page":"657-666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effective dose and radiation risk under 640-slice abdominal computed tomography examination without contrast medium injection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ming-Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C."},{"name":"Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Yi","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Chi","family":"Jao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C."},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements,\n NCRP Report 160: Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States\n , Bethesda, MD, 2009."},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRPReport 184: Medical radiation exposure of patients in the United States, Bethesda, MD, 2019."},{"key":"ref003","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 60:1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991."},{"key":"ref004","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 103: The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Elsevier, Oxford, 2007."},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/XST-200731"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12691"},{"key":"ref007","first-page":"25","volume":"191","author":"Mishra D.R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncaa213"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/98708146"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3602456"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v16i1.5135"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3462"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2012.01.012"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4914398"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12594"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/17\/5885"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-019-00532-8"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4970-1"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-018-6104-x"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4931"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2858-2"},{"key":"ref022","first-page":"1768716","volume":"2018","author":"Kavanagh R.G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Review Gastroenterol Res Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology: Clinical Applications of Diagnosis and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/XST-211101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/XST-211101","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/XST-211101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:09:34Z","timestamp":1777615774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/XST-211101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/XST-211101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/xst-211101","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-3996","1095-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-3996","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]}}}