{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T11:18:11Z","timestamp":1756898291894,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BME"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Interfaces of transtibial prosthesis have an important role in the transmission of ground reaction forces, damping gait loads and tissue protection. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to study the influence of prosthesis interfaces on amputees\u2019 gait and perception on pain, comfort and the overall interface\/prosthesis system. METHODS: Commercial samples of three different interface materials were selected: block copolymer (Material I), silicone gel (Material II) and silicone elastomer (Material III). Using standardized prosthesis, four amputee subjects performed gait tests at three imposed cadences in a barometric platform. The subjects also filled in a questionnaire about their perception. RESULTS: Material II presented the highest asymmetries of vertical ground reaction forces and was perceived as the most painful and uncomfortable. Material III led to the most symmetric load distribution between legs and was perceived as the most comfortable. Material I showed better overall biomechanical behavior and better subject\u2019s perception. CONCLUSIONS: Material III showed appropriate characteristics for lower levels of activity for which it is recommended. Prescription of Material II should be rethought, as it is only adequate for specific and occasional situations. Material I should be considered adequate for both active and less active amputees. When correlating the subjects\u2019 perception with the interface properties, we concluded that the mechanical properties are the most influential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bme-206002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]],"date-time":"2020-07-19T08:56:35Z","timestamp":1595148995000},"page":"211-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A study on the influence of prosthetic interface material in transtibial amputees\u2019 gait"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Cavaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":", , University of Algarve, Portugal"},{"name":", , University of Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Dur\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", , University of Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Am\u00edlcar","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", , University of Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", , University of Algarve, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364610397087","article-title":"Factors affecting quality of life in lower limb amputees","volume":"35","author":"Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Gait of unilateral below-knee amputees","volume":"30","author":"Breakey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Orthotics and Prosthetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.10.062","article-title":"Gait patterns in transtibial amputee fallers vs. non-fallers: Biomechanical differences during level walking","volume":"29","author":"Vanicek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.04.024","article-title":"Qualitative study of prosthetic suspension systems on transtibial amputees\u2019 satisfaction and perceived problems with their prosthetic devices","volume":"93","author":"Sadeeq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref5","first-page":"107","article-title":"Ground reaction force analysis in traumatic transtibial amputees\u2019 gait","volume":"33","author":"Kovac","year":"2009","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.05.019","article-title":"Limits of stability in persons with transtibial amputation with respect to prosthetic alignment alterations","volume":"94","author":"Kolarova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref7","first-page":"15","volume-title":"AAOS \u2013 Atlas de ortotesis y dispositivos de ayuda","author":"Lunsford","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2005.02.0034","article-title":"Efficacy of shock-absorbing versus rigid pylons for impact reduction in transtibial amputees based on laboratory, field and outcome metrics","volume":"42","author":"Berge","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640601042554","article-title":"The thermal conductivity of prosthetic sockets and liners","volume":"31","author":"Klute","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.034","article-title":"The prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis among veteran traumatic amputees and nonamputees","volume":"86","author":"Norvell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3109\/03093641003645528","article-title":"Prosthetic liners for lower limb amputees: A review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Klute","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"volume-title":"Weight of Prefabricated Transtibial Gel Prosthetic Liners \u2013 A Standardized Sample - Resident Research Project","year":"2004","author":"Selinger","key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref12"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref13","first-page":"679","volume-title":"Orthotics and Prosthetics in Rehabilitation","author":"Berke","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-206002_ref14","first-page":"147","article-title":"Rehabilitation of lower limb amputees","volume":"117","author":"Kovac","year":"2015","journal-title":"Period. 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