{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T23:35:48Z","timestamp":1761176148246,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686318","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bias in Machine Translation models has become a significant concern. Despite extensive research in several language pairs, Portuguese remains under-explored. This study investigates gender bias in English-to-Portuguese translation. We extend an established dataset to include inter-sentence examples and conduct a series of experiments to compare commercial Machine Translation systems, general-purpose Large Language Models, and non-commercial translation-specific models across various dimensions of gender bias. Additionally, we compare gender bias in Portuguese translation with that in other Romance languages (French, Spanish, and Italian). Finally, we explore whether sentiment influences gender bias in English-to-Portuguese translation. Our contributions include (1) a detailed analysis of gender bias in English-to-Portuguese Machine Translation, (2) an extended dataset incorporating inter-sentence evaluations, and (3) a multi-faceted comparative analysis across models and Romance languages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/faia250916","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T09:45:53Z","timestamp":1761126353000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diving into Gender Translation Bias for the Portuguese Language"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3843-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Bonif\u00e1cio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0900-6938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Moniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID"},{"name":"CLUL\/Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2456-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Coheur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","ECAI 2025"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA250916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T09:45:53Z","timestamp":1761126353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/FAIA250916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"ISBN":["9781643686318"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/faia250916","relation":{},"ISSN":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6389","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]}}}