{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:28:20Z","timestamp":1777393700602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The recently proposed latent variable \u03b4 is a new tool for dementia case finding. It is built in a structural equation modeling framework of cognitive and functional data and constitutes a novel endophenotype for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) research and clinical trials. Objective: To investigate the association of \u03b4 with AD biomarkers and to compare the prediction of \u03b4 with established scales for conversion to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Using data from a multicenter memory clinic study, we examined the external associations of the latent variable \u03b4 and compared \u03b4 with well-established cognitive and functional scales and cognitive-functional composite scores. For that purpose, logistic regressions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and conversion to dementia as dependent variables were performed with the investigated scores. The models were tested for significant differences. Results: In patients with MCI, \u03b4 based on a broad range of cognitive scales (including the ADAS-cog, the MMSE, and the CERAD neuropsychological battery) predicted an abnormal CSF A\u03b242\/tau ratio indicative of AD (n\u200a=\u200a340, AUC\u200a=\u200a0.78, p\u200a&lt; \u200a0.001), and predicted incident dementia within 1\u20133 years of follow-up (n\u200a=\u200a525, AUC\u200a=\u200a0.84, p\u200a&lt; \u200a0.001). These associations were generally stronger than for any other scale or cognitive-functional composite examined. Homologs of \u03b4 based on reduced test batteries yielded somewhat lower effects. Conclusion: These findings support the interpretation of \u03b4 as a construct capturing the disease-related \u201cessence\u201d of cognitive and functional impairments in patients with MCI and dementia, and suggest that \u03b4 might become an analytical tool for dementia research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-150257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T08:36:29Z","timestamp":1448613389000},"page":"547-560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Latent Dementia Phenotype \u03b4 is Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Predicts Conversion to Dementia in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Koppara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Wolfsgruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Kleineidam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Schmidtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatric Medicine, Ortenau Klinikum, Offenburg-Gengenbach, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Fr\u00f6lich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontopsychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hampel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie (Sorbonne), and AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Heuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Charit\u00e9 Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Charit\u00e9 Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Friedel M.","family":"Reischies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Charit\u00e9 Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Luckhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"H\u00fcll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychiatry, Clinic for Geronto- and Neuropsychiatry Emmendingen and Dep. of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hermann-Josef","family":"Gertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Geriatric Psychiatry\/Institute of Gerontology, University of Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Pantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Medicine University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Rienhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, University of G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Eckart","family":"R\u00fcther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Henn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, USA"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Wiltfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kornhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2013 Guidance for Industry Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Developing Drugs for the Treatment of Early Stage Disease"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.05.667","article-title":"Scales as outcome measures for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Black","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.05.2187","article-title":"The ADAS-Cog revisited: Novel composite scales based on ADAS-Cog to improve efficiency in MCI and early AD trials","volume":"9","author":"Raghavan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9166-3","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus (ADAS-Cog-Plus): An expansion of the ADAS-Cog to improve responsiveness in MCI","volume":"6","author":"Skinner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-120055","article-title":"Validation of a latent variable representing the dementing process","volume":"30","author":"Royall","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.11040078","article-title":"Getting past \u201cg\u201d: Testing a new model of dementing processes in persons without dementia","volume":"24","author":"Royall","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000153","article-title":"Greater than the sum of its parts: \u03b4 improves upon a battery\u2019s diagnostic performance","volume":"29","author":"Royall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000128","article-title":"The \u03b4 latent dementia phenotype in the uniform data set: Cross-validation and extension","volume":"29","author":"Gavett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130353","article-title":"Validation of a latent construct for dementia case-finding in Mexican-Americans","volume":"37","author":"Royall","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.6.566","article-title":"A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia","volume":"140","author":"Hughes","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150254","article-title":"Future dementia severity is almost entirely explained by the latent variable \u03b4\u2019s intercept and slope","volume":"49","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.006","article-title":"Does ethnicity moderate dementia\u2019s biomarkers?","volume":"35","author":"Royall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140264","article-title":"Ethnicity moderates dementia\u2019s biomarkers","volume":"43","author":"Royall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00369","article-title":"\u201cExecutive functions\u201d cannot be distinguished from general intelligence: Two variations on a single theme within a symphony of latent variance","volume":"8","author":"Royall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5062-08.2009","article-title":"Cortical hubs revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity: Mapping, assessment of stability, and relation to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Buckner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-120424","article-title":"The default mode network and related right hemisphere structures may be the key substrates of dementia","volume":"32","author":"Royall","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-11760-2_8","volume-title":"Longitudinal Research with Latent Variables","author":"McArdle","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1159\/000210388","article-title":"Early and differential diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"27","author":"Kornhuber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-006-0511-9","article-title":"The German Competence Net Dementias: Standard operating procedures for the neurochemical dementia diagnostics","volume":"113","author":"Lewczuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(03)00086-1","article-title":"Neurochemical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s dementia by CSF A\u03b242, A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 ratio and total tau","volume":"25","author":"Lewczuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.8.1555","article-title":"Improved discrimination of AD patients using beta-amyloid(1-42) and tau levels in CSF","volume":"52","author":"Hulstaert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001399","article-title":"Subjective cognitive decline is related to CSF biomarkers of AD in patients with MCI","volume":"84","author":"Wolfsgruber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159","article-title":"The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (CERAD).Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"Morris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1958.8.3.271","article-title":"Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage","volume":"8","author":"Reitan","year":"1958","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000167607.63000.38","article-title":"A total score for the CERAD neuropsychological battery","volume":"65","author":"Chandler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-122110","article-title":"CERAD neuropsychological compound scores are accurate in detecting prodromal alzheimer\u2019s disease: A prospective addneuromed study","volume":"39","author":"Paajanen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.08.021","article-title":"The CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery total score detects and predicts Alzheimer disease dementia with high diagnostic accuracy","volume":"22","author":"Wolfsgruber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.11.1356","article-title":"A new rating scale for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"141","author":"Rosen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000051195","article-title":"The Bayer activities of daily living scale (B-ADL)","volume":"9","author":"Hindmarch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","article-title":"The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318245f447","article-title":"Biomarker validation of a cued recall memory deficit in prodromal Alzheimer disease","volume":"78","author":"Wagner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment\u2013beyond controversies, towards a consensus: Report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"256","author":"Winblad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005742","article-title":"The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms","volume":"19","author":"Jorm","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700644041","article-title":"The Frontal Behavioral Inventory in the differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"6","author":"Kertesz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250","article-title":"Vascular dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop","volume":"43","author":"Roman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1546","article-title":"Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria","volume":"51","author":"Neary","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.33","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease","volume":"56","author":"Gelb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199805000-00001","article-title":"Huntington disease","volume":"57","author":"Vonsattel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199708000-00011","article-title":"The clinical and pathologic hallmarks of progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"10","author":"Litvan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref43","first-page":"II1","article-title":"Clinical features differentiating patients with postmortem confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration","volume":"246","author":"Litvan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref44","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK Muth\u00e9n BO 2012 Mplus User\u2019s Guide (7. Au\u00c0.) Los Angeles Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1934.tb00728.x","article-title":"The meaning of \u2018i\u2019in the estimate of \u2018g\u2019","volume":"25","author":"Thomson","year":"1934","journal-title":"Br J Psychol Gen Sect"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref46","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n BO 2004 1998-2004. Mplus technical appendices Los Angeles Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.6.4.430","article-title":"Computing and evaluating factor scores","volume":"6","author":"Grice","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Method"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1993.tb01015.x","article-title":"Selection and predictive validity with latent variable structures","volume":"46","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Math Stat Psychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref49","first-page":"136","article-title":"Alternative ways of assessing model fit","volume":"154","author":"Browne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sage Focus Edition"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238","article-title":"Comparative fit indexes in structural models","volume":"107","author":"Bentler","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref51","volume-title":"Testing structural equation models","author":"Bollen","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: A nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38639","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038639","article-title":"Comparison of brief cognitive tests and CSF biomarkers in predicting Alzheimer\u2019s disease in mild cognitive impairment: Six-year follow-up study","volume":"7","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181df0959","article-title":"Validity of the free and cued selective reminding test in predicting dementia: The 3C Study","volume":"74","author":"Auriacombe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-150257_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt222","article-title":"Promising developments in neuropsychological approaches for the detection of preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A selective review","volume":"5","author":"Rentz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-150257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:01:25Z","timestamp":1777370485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-150257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-150257","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]}}}