{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:50:43Z","timestamp":1777395043063,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed to trigger memory deficits and synaptic damage at the onset of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). However, it is unknown how mitochondria dysfunction might trigger synaptotoxicity and if a differential susceptibility of mitochondria located in synapses underlies the greater glutamatergic than GABAergic synaptotoxicity in early AD. Hippocampal synaptosomes (purified synapses) of a rat model of early AD, typified by selective memory deficits two weeks after intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-\u03b2 peptides (A\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 2\u200anmol), simultaneously displayed three mitochondria-associated deleterious alterations: 1) hampered metabolism (decreased MTT reduction); 2) increased oxygen radical production (increased hydrogen peroxide production); 3) increased caspase-3 activity. The direct exposure of hippocampal synaptosomes to A\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>\n                    (500\u200anM) similarly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRM\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    fluorescence) and increased mitochondria-derived oxygen radicals (MitoTraker\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    red-CM-H2Xros fluorescence) in individual glutamatergic (vesicular glutamate transporter-immunopositive) and GABAergic (vesicular GABA transporter-immunopositive) synaptosomes. However, significantly more glutamatergic than GABAergic synaptosomes were endowed with mitochondria (Tom20-immunopositive). These results indicate that dysfunctional mitochondria located in synapses can trigger synaptotoxicity through multifaceted mechanisms and that it is not the susceptibility of mitochondria to A\u03b2 but more likely a different impact of dysfunctional mitochondria that underlies the greater sensitivity to synaptotoxicity of glutamatergic than GABA synapses in early AD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-170356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T13:43:42Z","timestamp":1504273422000},"page":"525-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mitochondria in Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses have Similar Susceptibility to Amyloid-\u03b2 Peptides Modeling Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o A.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC \u2013 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Canas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC \u2013 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Angelo R.","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC \u2013 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anabela P.","family":"Rolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC \u2013 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Agostinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC \u2013 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty 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