{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:42:34Z","timestamp":1771332154803,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-171135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T15:08:00Z","timestamp":1498835280000},"page":"491-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Substantia Nigra Neuromelanin as an Imaging Biomarker of Disease Progression in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Margherita","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Reim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Imaging, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita G.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Systems and Robotics (LARSyS), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leonor Correia","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Bou\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patricia P.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research Egas Moniz(CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade EgasMoniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"CNS \u2013 Campus Neurol\u00f3gico S\u00e9nior, Torres Vedras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nilza C.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mario Miguel","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Antonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo\u201d-I.R.C.C.S., Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Venice, Italy"}]},{"given":"Joaquim J.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CNS \u2013 Campus Neurol\u00f3gico S\u00e9nior, Torres Vedras, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23669","article-title":"Milestones in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2013clinical and pathologic features","volume":"26","author":"Halliday","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00293-4","article-title":"Iron-binding characteristics of neuromelanin of the human substantia nigra","volume":"66","author":"Double","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2283","article-title":"Ageing and Parkinson\u2019s disease: Substantia nigra regional selectivity","volume":"114","author":"Fearnley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt192","article-title":"Disease duration and theintegrity of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"136","author":"Kordower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.5.388","article-title":"Anatomy, pigmentation, ventral and dorsal subpopulations of the substantia nigra, and differential cell death in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"Gibb","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26182","article-title":"Substantia nigra neuromelanin-MR imaging differentiates essential tremor from Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Reimao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000227984.84927.a7","article-title":"Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging of locus ceruleus and substantia nigra in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Sasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.08.043","article-title":"Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging of nigral volume loss in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Kashihara","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829e6fd2","article-title":"Visualization of nigrosome 1 and its loss in PD: Pathoanatomical correlation and in vivo 7 T MRI","volume":"81","author":"Blazejewska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.04.005","article-title":"Differentiation of early-stage parkinsonisms using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"20","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000350291","article-title":"Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy","volume":"70","author":"Matsuura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12613","article-title":"Substantia nigra neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging in de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"22","author":"Reimao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26201","article-title":"Automated neuromelanin imaging as a diagnostic biomarker for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Castellanos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160662","article-title":"In vivo assessment of brainstem depigmentation in Parkinson disease: Potential as a severity marker for multicenter studies","volume":"283","author":"Schwarz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23722","article-title":"T1-weighted MRI shows stage-dependent substantia nigra signal loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Schwarz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.09.011","article-title":"A longitudinal study of neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"633","author":"Matsuura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.02.012","article-title":"Changes in substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in patients with early-stage Parkinson\u2019s disease using neuromelanin-sensitive MR imaging","volume":"541","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases","volume":"55","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.02.021","article-title":"Do patients with late-stage Parkinson\u2019s disease still respond to levodopa?","volume":"26","author":"Fabbri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.126","article-title":"Late-stage Parkinson disease","volume":"8","author":"Coelho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21198","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Process, format, and clinimetric testing plan","volume":"22","author":"Goetz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25122","article-title":"Calibration of unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale scores to Movement Disorder Society-unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale scores","volume":"27","author":"Goetz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","article-title":"Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-009-0595-7","article-title":"Visual discrimination among patients with depression and schizophrenia and healthy individuals using semiquantitative color-coded fast spin-echo T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"52","author":"Sasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1595-2","article-title":"Substantia nigra in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A multimodal MRI comparison between early and advanced stages of the disease","volume":"35","author":"Aquino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-013-9435-y","article-title":"Neuromelanin of the human substantia nigra: An update","volume":"25","author":"Zucca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2002.00393.x","article-title":"Ageing of substantia nigra in humans: Cell loss may be compensated by hypertrophy","volume":"28","author":"Cabello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.366","article-title":"Preservation of midbrain catecholaminergic neurons in very old human subjects","volume":"123","author":"Kubis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zucca FA , Segura-Aguilar J , Ferrari E , Munoz P , Paris I , Sulzer D , Sarna T , Casella L , & Zecca L (2015) Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Prog Neurobiol, doi: 10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.012"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22335","article-title":"UPDRS activity of daily living score as a marker of Parkinson\u2019s disease progression","volume":"24","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref31","first-page":"130","article-title":"Can focusing on UPDRS Part II make assessments of Parkinson disease progression more efficient?","volume":"5","author":"Sampaio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.05.017","article-title":"The MDS-UPDRS Part II(motor experiences of daily living)resulted useful for assessment of disability in Parkinson\u2019sdisease","volume":"19","author":"Rodriguez-Blazquez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00196","article-title":"Neuromelanin Imaging and Dopaminergic Loss in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"8","author":"Isaias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3567","article-title":"Evaluation of Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease with the use of neuromelanin MR imaging and (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy","volume":"34","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.06.005","article-title":"Biomarkers in Parkinson\u2019s disease (recent update)","volume":"63","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149403.14458.7F","article-title":"The role of radiotracer imaging in Parkinson disease","volume":"64","author":"Ravina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.157370","article-title":"The role of DAT-SPECT in movement disorders","volume":"81","author":"Kagi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200007)15:4<692::AID-MDS1014>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Correlation of Parkinson\u2019s disease severity and duration with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT striatal uptake","volume":"15","author":"Benamer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-171135_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.196352","article-title":"Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra sonography for the diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"81","author":"van de Loo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JPD-171135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T16:43:39Z","timestamp":1741625019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JPD-171135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jpd-171135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7171","1877-718X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7171","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-718X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]}}}