{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:39:57Z","timestamp":1777891197436,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WOR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in managers\u2019 wellbeing due to the observed associations between their wellbeing and leadership behaviours, and between leadership behaviours and employees\u2019 wellbeing. However, it is still unclear how managers\u2019 wellbeing influences their practiced leadership across different workplace contexts, which specific behaviours are affected, and how this varies across time. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was therefore to explore managers\u2019 and employees\u2019 experiences and perceptions regarding the consequences of managers\u2019 wellbeing for their leadership behaviours in small businesses. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 participants (20 managers and 19 employees) working at 12 Swedish small firms, and analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: The findings show that managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when unwell. Variations in managers\u2019 wellbeing influenced their mood, energy level, and performance, as well as the company\u2019s working climate. However, these destructive leadership variations did not have a substantial impact, because several protective factors were present. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the wellbeing of managers in small businesses has perceptible consequences for their leadership behaviours. The study also shows that sustained leadership behaviours may coexist with temporary variations of these behaviours on a constructive-destructive continuum depending on the leader\u2019s wellbeing. Overall, the findings contribute to a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of how the interaction between managers\u2019 wellbeing and their behaviours unfolds in the particular context of small companies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-220159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T11:47:43Z","timestamp":1672400863000},"page":"97-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Managers\u2019 and employees\u2019 experiences of how managers\u2019 wellbeing impacts their leadership behaviours in Swedish small businesses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6897-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9722-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Lundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Education and Sociology, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0161-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunnar","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"},{"name":"Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4415-7942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Macassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Occupational and Health Sciences, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"},{"name":"EPIUnit\u2013Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-220159_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2016.10.006","article-title":"Leadership and stress: A meta-analytic review","volume":"28","author":"Harms","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leadersh Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WOR-220159_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2019.1617369","article-title":"Leadership behaviour and leader self-reported well-being: A review, integration and meta-analytic examination","volume":"34","author":"Kaluza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WOR-220159_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2015.04.001","article-title":"Is a happy leader a good leader? 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