{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:49:01Z","timestamp":1790077741494,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T05:11:18Z","timestamp":1525237878000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Their Persisting Sequelae in Adult Life"],"prefix":"10.3238","author":[{"given":"Hans-Ludwig","family":"Spohr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Christoph","family":"Steinhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11437","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones KL, Smith DW: Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet 1973; 11: 999\u20131001.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref2","unstructured":"Lemoine P, Harousseau H, Boteyru JP, Menuet JC: Les enfant des parents alcooliques: anomalies observ\u00e9es \u00e1 propos de 127 cas. Quest M\u00e9dicale 1968; 25: 476\u201382."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan WC: A note on the influence of maternal inebriety on offspring. J Ment Science 1899; 45: 489\u2013503.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.45.190.489"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarren SK, Smith DW: The fetal alcohol syndrome: experience with 65 patients and a review of the world literature. N Engl J Med 1978; 298: 1063\u201367.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197805112981906"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lupton C, Burd L, Harwood R: Cost of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2004; 15, 127: 42\u201350.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30015"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref6","unstructured":"Majewski F: Alcohol embryopathy: experience in 200 patients. Dev Brain Dysfunc 1993; 6: 248\u201365."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref7","unstructured":"Stratton KR, CJ, Battaglia FC (eds.): Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemioloy, Prevention, and Treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press 1996."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref8","unstructured":"Spohr H-L, Steinhausen H-C (eds.): Alcohol, Pregnancy, and the Developing Child. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 1996."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikonomidou C, Bittigau P, Olney JW: Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome. Science 2000; 287: 1056\u201360.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5455.1056"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoyme HE, May PA, Kalberg WO, Kodituwakkn P, Gossage JP, Trujillo PM et al.: A practical clinical approach to diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: clarification of the 1996 institute of medicine criteria. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 39\u201347.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0259"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Little BB, Snell LM,Rosenfeld CR, Gilstrap NF: Failure to recognize fetal alcoholsyndrome in newborn infants. Am J Dis Child 1990; 144: 1142\u20136.","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1990.02150340088030"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref12","unstructured":"May PA, Gossage JP: Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: summary. Alcohol Res Health 2001; 25: 159\u201367."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sampson PD, Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Little RE, Clarren SK, Dehaene P et al.: Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Teratology 1997; 56: 317\u201326.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5<317::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spohr HL, Willms J, Steinhausen HC: Prenatal alcohol exposure and long-term developmental consequences: a 10-year follow-up of 60 children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Lancet 1993; 341: 907\u201310.","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91207-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinhausen HC, Willms J, Spohr HL: The long-term psychopathological and cognitive outcome of children with fetal alcohol syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32: 990\u20134.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199309000-00016"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref16","unstructured":"Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Kogan J, Bookstein FL: Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Final Report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Seattle: University of Washington, Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit; 1996."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sokol RJ, Clarren SK: Guidelines for use of terminology describing the impact of prenatal alcohol on the offspring. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1989; 13: 597\u20138.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00384.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref18","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Sciences: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Guidelines for Referral and Diagnosis. Washington, DC; 2004"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astley SJ, Clarren SK: Diagnosing the full spectrum of fetal alcohol exposed individuals: introducing the 4-Digit Diagnostic Code. Alcohol & Alcoholism 2000; 35: 400\u201310.","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.4.400"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astley SJ, Clarren SK: Measuring the facial phenotype of individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure: correlations with brain dysfunction. Alcohol & Alcoholism 2001; 36: 147\u201359.","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/36.2.147"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spohr HL, Willms J, Steinhausen HC:The fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescence. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994; 404: 19\u201326.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13379.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streissguth AP, Aase JM, Clarren SK, Randels SP, La Due RA, Smith DF: Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults. JAMA 1991; 265: 1961\u20137.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.265.15.1961"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baer JS, Sampson PD, Barr HM, Connor PD, Streissguth AP: A 21-year longitudinal analysis of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on young adult drinking. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 377\u201385.","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.377"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Autti-Ram\u00f6 I, Fagerlung A, Ervalahti N, Loimu L, Korkman M, Hoyme E: Fetal alcohol spectrum disease in Finland: clinical delineation of 77 older children and adolescents. Am J Med Genet 2006; 140A: 137\u201343.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31037"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spohr HL, Willms J, Steinhausen HC: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in young adulthood. J Pediatr 2007; 150: 175\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.044"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinhausen HC, Willms J, Winkler Metzke C, Spohr HL: Behavioral phenotype in foetal alcohol syndrome and effects. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45: 179\u201382.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162203000343"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, Sampson PD, O'Malley K, Kogan J: Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 228\u201338.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00002"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Autti-Ram\u00f6 I: Twelve-year follow-up of children exposed to alcohol in utero. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42: 406\u201311.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200000748"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aronson M, Hagberg B: Neuropsychological disorders in children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy: a follow-up study of 24 children to alcoholic mothers in G\u00f6teburg, Sweden. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998; 22: 321\u20134.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03655.x"}],"container-title":["Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt international"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T05:15:38Z","timestamp":1638854138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,10]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0693","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3109\/13668250.2016.1267718","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1866-0452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-0452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,10]]}}}