{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:54:48Z","timestamp":1792162488804,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T05:20:20Z","timestamp":1525238420000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["QTc Prolongation by Psychotropic Drugs and the Risk of Torsade de Pointes"],"prefix":"10.3238","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Wenzel-Seifert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Wittmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekkehard","family":"Haen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11437","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altmann D, Eggmann U, Ammann P: Medikament\u00f6s induzierte Verl\u00e4ngerung des QT-Intervalls. [Drug induced QT prolongation]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008; 120: 128\u201335.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-008-0940-6"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haverkamp H, Deuschle M: Antipsychotikainduzierte QT-Verl\u00e4ngerung. [Antipsychotica-induced QT-prolongation]. Nervenarzt 2006; 77: 276\u201388.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-005-1966-x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta A, Lawrence AT, Krishnan K, Kavinsky CJ, Trohmann RG: Current concepts in the mechanisms and management of drug-induced QT prolongation and torsade de pointes. Am Heart J 2007; 153: 891\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.01.040"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrigan EP, Miceli JJ, Anziano R, Watsky E, Reeves KR, Cutler NR, et al.: A randomized evaluation of the effects of six antipsychotic agents on QTc, in the absence and presence of metabolic inhibition. J Clin Psychopharmacology 2004; 24: 62\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000104913.75206.62"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St\u00f6llberger C, Huber JO, Finsterer J: Antipsychotic drugs and QT prolongation. Int Clin Psychopharmacology 2005; 20: 243\u201351.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yic.0000166405.49473.70"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reilly JG, Ayes SA, Ferrier IN: QTc interval abnormalities and psychotropic drug therapy in psychiatric patients. Lancet 2000; 335: 1048\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02035-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Noord C, Straus S, Sturkenboom M, Hofman A, Aarnoudse AJ, Bagnardi V, et al.: Psychotropic drugs associated with corrected QT interval prolongation. J Clin Psychopharmacology 2009; 29: 9\u201315.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318191c6a8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astrom-Lilja C, Odeberg JM, Ekman E, H\u00e4gg S: Drug-induced torsades de pointes: a review of the Swedish pharmacovigilance database. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2008; 17: 587\u201392.","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1607"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref9","unstructured":"Woosley RL, Anthony M, Armstrong EP, Assenzo JR for Arizona CERT \u2013 : accessed 30. 8. 2010."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodnick PJ, Jerry J, Parra F: Psychotropic drugs and the ECG: focus on the QTc interval. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2002; 3: 479\u201398.","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.3.5.479"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohse MJ, M\u00fcller-Oerlinghausen B: Psychopharmaka. In: Schwabe U, Paffrath D (eds.): Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2010: Aktuelle Daten, Kosten, Trends und Kommentare. Berlin 2010: 497\u2013841.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13380-0_39"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozeki Y, Fujii K, Kurimoto N, Yamada N, Okawa M, Aoki T, et al.: QTc prolongation and antipsychotic medications in a sample of 1017 patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34: 401\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.01.008"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haddad PM, Anderson IM: Antipsychotic-related QTc prolongation, torsade de pointes and sudden death. Drugs 2002; 62: 1649\u201371.","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262110-00006"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez PA, Pahissa J: QT alterations in psychopharmacology: proven candidates and suspects. Curr Drug Saf 2010; 5: 97\u2013104.","DOI":"10.2174\/157488610789869265"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma ND, Rosmann HS, Padhi ID, Tisdale JE: Torsades de pointes associated with intravenous haloperidol in critically ill patients. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 238\u201340.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00888-6"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieweg WV, Wood MA, Fernandez A, Beatty-Brooks M, Hasnain M, Pandurangi AK: Proarrhythmic risk with antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs: implications in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2009; 26: 997\u20131012.","DOI":"10.2165\/11318880-000000000-00000"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sala M, Vicentini A, Brambilla P, Montomoli C, Jogia JR, Caverzasi E, et al.: QT interval prolongation related to psychoactive drug treatment: a comparison of monotherapy versus polytherapy. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2005; 4(1): 1. doi: 10.1186\/744\u2013859X-4\u20131.","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-4-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieweg WV, Wood MA: Tricyclic antidepressants, QT interval prolongation, and torsade de pointes. Psychosomatics 2004; 45: 371\u20137.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.45.5.371"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poluzzi E, Raschi E, Moretti U, De Ponti F: Drug-induced torsades de pointes: data mining of the public version of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009; 18: 512\u20138.","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1746"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenzel-Seifert K, Wittmann M, Haen E: Torsade de Pointes episodes under treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacopsychiatry 2010; 43: 279\u201381.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1263167"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Gregorio C, Morabito G, Cerrito M, Dattilo G, Oreto G: Citalopram-induced long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes: Role for committant therapies and illnesses. Int J Cardiol 2011; 148: 226\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.05.060"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wedam EF, Bigelow GE, Johnson RE, Nuzzo PA, Haigney MC: QT-interval effects of methadone, levomethadyl, and buprenorphine in a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 2469\u201375.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.22.2469"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DePonti F, Poluzzi E, Montanaro N: Organising evidence on QT prolongation and occurrence of Torsades de Pointes with non-anti-arrhythmic drugs: a call for consensus. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 57: 185\u2013209.","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280100290"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref24","unstructured":"Haverkamp W, Haverkamp F, Breithard G: Medikamenteninduzierte QT-Verl\u00e4ngerung und Torsade de pointes. Ein multidisziplin\u00e4res Problem. Dtsch Arztebl 2002; 99: A 1872\u20139."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chong SA, Mythily, Lum A, Goh HY, Chan YH: Prolonged QTc intervals in medicated patients with schizophrenia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003; 18: 647\u20139.","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.540"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref26","unstructured":"FDA: . FDA ALERT 9\/2007."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref27","unstructured":"Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen \u00c4rzteschaft: . Akd\u00c4 Drug Safety Mail 2010\u2013098 5th May 2010."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Llerena A, Berecz R, Dorado P, de la Rubia A: QTc interval, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 genotypes and risperidone plasma concentrations. J Psychopharmacol 2004; 18: 189\u201393.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881104042618"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janicak PG, Winans EA: Paliperidone ER: a review of the clinical trial data. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2007; 3: 869\u201397.","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S1365"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lieberman JA, Strout TS, McEvoy JP, Swartz MS, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, et al.: Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1209\u201323.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warner B, Hoffmann P: Investigation of the potential of clozapine to cause torsade de pointes. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 2002; 21: 189\u2013203.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256196"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang UG, Kwon JS, Ahn YM, Chung SJ, Ha JH, Koo YJ, et al.: Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients treated with clozapine. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 441\u20136.","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0609"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Llorca PM, Pere JJ: Leponex\u00ae, 10 ans apr\u00e8s \u2013 Une revue clinique [Leponex, 10 years after\u2014a clinical review] [Article in French]. Encephale 2004; 30: 474\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(04)95462-0"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isbister GK, Balit CR, MacLoed D, Duffull SB: Amisulpride overdose is frequently associated with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2010; 30: 391\u20135.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181e5c14c"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brugisser M, Bravo A, Bodner M: Medikamenten-assoziiertes Long-QT-Syndrom [Medication associated long QT syndrome]. Praxis 2009; 98: 1409\u201315.","DOI":"10.1024\/1661-8157.98.24.1409"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodnick PJ, Jerry JM: Aripiprazole: profile on efficacy and safety. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2002; 3: 1773\u201381.","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.3.12.1773"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang BH, Hsia CP, Chen CY: Sulpiride induced torsade de pointes. Int J Cardiol 2007; 118: e100\u20132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.01.060"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang JH, Weng TI, Fang CC: Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes induced by acute sulpiride poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2009; 27: 1016. e1\u2013e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.014"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sala M, Vicentini A, Brambilla P, Montomoli C, Jogia JR, Caverzasi E, et al.: QT interval prolongation related to psychoactive drug treatment: a comparison of monotherapy versus polytherapy. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2005; 4: 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-4-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dattilo PB, Nordin C: Prolonged QT associated with an overdose of trazodone. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68: 1309\u201310.","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0821e"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levenson JL: Prolonged QT interval after trazodone overdose. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 969\u201370.","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.969a"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu CH, Liu PY, Chen JH, Yeh TL, Tsai HY, Lin LJ: Electrocardiographic abnormalities as predictors for over-range lithium levels. Cardiology 2005; 103: 101\u20136.","DOI":"10.1159\/000082471"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanjanauthai S, Kanluen T, Charreonthaitawee P: Citalopram induced torsade de pointes, a rare life threatening side effect. Intl J Cardiol 2008; 131: e33\u2013e34.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.08.006"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref44","unstructured":"Meuleman C, Jourdain P, Bellorini M, Sadeg N, Loiret J, Guillard N, et al.: Citalopram et torsades de pointes : A propos d\u2019un cas. [Citalopram and Torsades de Pointes: A case report]. Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux 2001; 94: 1021\u20134."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarabar AF, Hoffman RS, Nelson L: Citalopram overdose: late presentation of torsades de pointes (TdP) with cardiac arrest. J Med Toxicol 2008; 4: 101\u20135.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160963"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorsey ST, Biblo LA: Prolonged QT interval and torsades de pointes caused by the combination of fluconazole and amitriptyline. Am J Emerg Med 2000; 18: 227\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(00)90027-5"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lentini S, Rao ML, Schr\u00f6der R, L\u00fcderitz B, Bauriedel G: QT-Verl\u00e4ngerung und Torsade de pointes-Tachykardie bei Therapie mit Maprotilin. Differenzialdiagnostische und -therapeutische Aspekte. [QT prolongation and torsade de pointes tachycardia during therapy with maprotiline. Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001; 49: 1396\u2013400.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18880"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davison ET: Amitriptyline-induced Torsade de Pointes. Successful therapy with atrial pacing. J Electrocardiol 1985; 18: 299\u2013301.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(85)80055-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alter P, Tontsch D, Grimm W: Doxepin-induced torsade de pointes tachycardia. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 384\u20135.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-5-200109040-00026"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tzivoni D, Keren A, Cohen AM, Loebel H, Zahavi I, Chenzbraun A, et al.: Magnesium therapy for torsades de pointes. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53: 528\u201330.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90025-0"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy S, Hui D, El Osta B, de la Cruz M, Walker P, Palmer JL, et al.: The effect of oral methadone on the QTc interval in advanced cancer patients: a prospective pilot study. J Palliat Med 2010; 13: 33\u20138.","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2009.0184"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George S, Moreira K, Fapohunda M: Methadone and the heart: what the clinician needs to know. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2008; 1: 297\u2013302.","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473710801030297"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Justo D, Gal-Oz A, Paran Y, Goldin Y, Zeltser D: Methadone-associated Torsades de Pointes (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) in opioid-dependent patients. Addiction 2006; 101: 1333\u20138.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01512.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl S, Sauter B, Kupferschmidt H, Krause M, Wyss PA, Meier PJ: Case report: reversible QT prolongation with torsades de pointes in a patient with pimozide intoxication. Am J Med Sci 1995; 309: 315\u20136.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199506000-00003"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoehns JD, Stanford RH, Geraets DR, Skelly KS, Lee HC, Gaul BL: Torsades de pointes associated with chlorpromazine: case report and review of associated ventricular arrhythmias. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21: 871\u201383.","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.21.9.871.34565"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref56","unstructured":"Ochiai H, Kashiwagi M, Usui T, Oyama Y, Tokita Y, Ishikawa T: [Torsade de Pointes with T wave alternans in a patient receiving moderate dose of chlorpromazine: report of a case] Japanese. Kokyu To Junkan 1990; 38: 819\u201322."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hui WK, Mitchell LB, Kavanagh KM, Gillis AM, Wyse DG, Manyari DE, et al.: Melperone: electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic activity in humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 15: 144\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199001000-00023"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref58","unstructured":"Kondou N, Hiasa Y, Kishi K, Fujinaga H, Ohishi Y, Ohtani R, et al.: [A case of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias probably due to psychotropic drugs]. [Article in Japanese]. Kokyu To Junkan 1993; 41: 1117\u201320."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jo SH, Hong HK, Chong SH, Lee HS, Choe H: H1 antihistamine drug promethazine directly blocks hERG K+ channel. Pharmacol Res 2009; 60: 429\u201337.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2009.05.008"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bont L, Bosker HA, Brus F, Yska JP, Bosch FH: Torsade de pointes after pipamperone intoxication. Pharm World Sci 1998; 20: 137.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008656321870"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieweg WV, Schneider RK, Wood MA: Torsade de pointes in a patient with complex medical and psychiatric conditions receiving low-dose quetiapine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005; 112: 318\u201320.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00592.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajwani P, Pozuelo L, Tesar GE: QT interval prolongation associated with quetiapine (Seroquel) overdose. Psychosomatics 2000; 41: 63\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(00)71175-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blaschke D, Parwani AS, Huemer M, Rolf S, Boldt LH, Dietz R, et al.: Torsade de pointes during combined treatment with risperidone and citalopram. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007; 40: 294\u20135.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-992147"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung AKK, Chua SE: Torsade de pointes with low-dose amisulpride: a case report. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24: 433\u20135.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108098385"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin YC, Su HK, Ouyang WC, Lane HY: Zotepine-induced QTc prolongation. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008; 28: 576\u20138.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181850bb1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref66","unstructured":"Cohn JB, Wilcox CS, Goodman LI: Antidepressant efficacy and cardiac safety of trimipramine in patients with mild heart disease. Clin Ther 1992; 15: 115\u201326."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z\u00fcchner H: QT-Verl\u00e4ngerung und Torsade de pointes-Tachykardie bei Therapie mit Maprotilin. [QT prolongation and torsade de pointes-tachycardia in therapy with maprotiline]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2002; 127: 983\u20134.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-26730-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller HJ, Volz HP, Reimann IW, Stoll KD: Opipramol for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled trial including an alprazolam-treated group. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 21: 59\u201365.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200102000-00011"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Letsas K, Korantzopoulos P, Pappas L, Evangelou D, Efremidis M, Kardaras F: QT interval prolongation associated with venlafaxine administration. Int J Cardiol 2006; 109: 116\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.03.065"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bosse GM, Spiller HA, Collins AM: A fatal case of venlafaxine overdose. J Med Toxicol 2008; 4: 18\u201320.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160945"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleishaker JC, Francom SF, Herman BD, Knuth DW, Azie NE: Lack of effect of reboxetine on cardiac repolarization. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 70: 261\u20139.","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.117705"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman TR, Olver JS: Duloxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2008; 4: 1169\u201380.","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S2820"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raskin J, Wiltse CG, Dinkel JJ, Walker DJ, Desaiah D, Katona C: Safety and tolerability of duloxetine at 60 mg once daily in elderly patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008; 28: 32\u20138.","DOI":"10.1097\/jcp.0b013e318160738e"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wernicke J, Lled\u00f3 A, Raskin J, Kajdasz DK, Wang F: An evaluation of the cardiovascular safety profile of duloxetine: findings from 42 placebo-controlled studies. Drug Saf 2007; 30: 437\u201355.","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730050-00007"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Chappell J, Gonzales CR, Small D, Knadler MP, Callaghan JT, et al.: QT effects of duloxetine at supratherapeutic doses: a placebo and positive controlled study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 49: 143\u201353.","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e318030aff7"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansermont N, Albayrak O, Schl\u00e4pfer J, Crettol S, Croquette-Krokar M, Bourquin M, et al.: Substitution of (R,S)-methadone by (R)-methadone: Impact on QTc interval. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 529\u201336.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.26"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sing K, Erickson T, Amitai Y, Hryhorczuk D: Chloral hydrate toxicity from oral and intravenous administration. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996; 34: 101\u20136.","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659609020242"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill SL, El-Khayat RH, Sandilands EA, Thomas SH: Electrocardiographic effects of methylphenidate overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010; 48: 342\u20136.","DOI":"10.3109\/15563651003720234"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref79","unstructured":"Negrao BL, Crafford D, Viljoen M: The effect of sympathomimetic medication on cardiovascular functioning of children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Cardiovasc J Afr 2009; 20: 296\u20139."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simpson D, Plosker GL: Spotlight on atomoxetine in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. CNS Drugs 2004; 18: 397\u2013401.","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200418060-00011"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wernicke JF, Faries D, Girod D, Brown J, Gao H, Kelsey D, et al.: Cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in children, adolescents, and adults. Drug Saf 2003; 26: 729\u201340.","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326100-00006"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref82","unstructured":"Ciszowski K, Szpak D, Jenner B: The influence of carbamazepine plasma level on blood pressure and some ECG parameters in patients with acute intoxication. Przegl Lek 2007; 64: 248\u201351."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon S, Lee S, Hyun M, et al.: The potential for QT prolongation by antiepileptic drugs in children. Pediatr Neurol 2004; 30: 99\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(03)00405-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saetre E, Abdelnoor M, Amlie J, Tossebro M, Perucca E, Taub\u00f8ll E, et al.: Cardiac function and antiepileptic drug treatment in the elderly: a comparison between lamotrigine and sustained-release carbamazepine. Epilepsia 2009; 50: 1841\u20139.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02069.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurt E, Emul M, Ozbulut O, Guler O, Erdur F, Sa&#287;lam H, et al.: Is valproate promising in cardiac fatal arrhythmias? Comparison of P- and Q-wave dispersion in bipolar affective patients on valproate or lithium-valproate maintenance therapy with healthy controls. J Psychopharmacol 2009; 23: 328\u201333.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108089594"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixon R, Job S, Oliver R, Tompson D, Wright JG, Maltby K, et al.: Lamotrigine does not prolong QTc in a thorough QT\/QTc study in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 66: 396\u2013404.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03250.x"}],"container-title":["Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt international"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T10:00:00Z","timestamp":1638784800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]]},"references-count":86,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0687","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1155\/2016\/9406813","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1866-0452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-0452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]]}}}