{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:04:05Z","timestamp":1788455045887,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T05:24:09Z","timestamp":1525238649000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Mental Disorders in Early Childhood"],"prefix":"10.3238","author":[{"given":"Kai von","family":"Klitzing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"D\u00f6hnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Grube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11437","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skovgaard AM, Houmann T, Christiansen E, et al.: The prevalence of mental health problems in children 1,5 years of age? The Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000. J Child Psychol & Psychiat 2007; 48: 62\u201370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01659.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egger HL, Angold A: Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006; 47: 313\u201337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wichstr\u00f8m L, Berg-Nielsen TS, Angold A, Egger HL, Solheim E, Sveen TH: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012; 53: 695\u2013705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref4","unstructured":"National Scientific Council on the Developing Child: The timing and quality of early experiences combine to shape bain architecture: Working paper 5. www.developingchild.harvard.edu (last accessed on 19 January 2015)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth G, Str\u00fcber N: Pr\u00e4natale Entwicklung und neurobiologische Grundlagen der psychischen Entwicklunf. In: Cierpka M (ed.): Fr\u00fche Kindheit 0\u20133: Beratung und Psychotherapie f\u00fcr Eltern mit S\u00e4uglingen und Kleinkindern. Heidelberg: Springer 2012; 4\u201320.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20296-4_1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weaver ICG, Cervoni N, Champagne FA, et al.: Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nat Neurosci Nat Neurosci 2004; 7: 847\u201354","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1276"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oberlander TF, Weinberg J, Papsdorf M, Grunau R, Misri S, Devlin AM: Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses. Epigenetics 2014; 3: 97\u2013106","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.3.2.6034"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref8","unstructured":"Cierpka M (ed.): Fr\u00fche Kindheit 0\u20133: Beratung und Psychotherapie f\u00fcr Eltern mit S\u00e4uglingen und Kleinkindern. Heidelberg: Springer 2012."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref9","unstructured":"Gontard Av: S\u00e4uglings- und Kleinkindpsychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2010."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Task Force on Research Diagnostic Criteria: Infancy and Preschool: Research diagnostic criteria for infants and preschool children: the process and empirical support. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003; 42: 1504\u201312","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200312000-00018"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref11","unstructured":"Zero toThree: DC:0\u20133R: Diagnostic classification of mental health and developmental disorders of infancy and early childhood. Revised edition. Washington D. C.: Zero to Three Press 2005."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emde R, Spicer P: Experience in the midst of variation: New horizons for development and psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2000; 12: 313\u201331","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400003047"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trevarthen C, Aitken KJ: Infant Intersubjectivity: Research, theory, and clinical applications. J Child Psychol & Psychiat 2001; 42: 3\u201348","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00701"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref14","unstructured":"Fonagy P, Gergely G, Jurist E, Target M: Affetregulierung, Mentalisierung und die Entwicklung des Selbst. Stuttgart: Klett- Cotta 2004"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Largo RBC: Entwicklungsaufgaben und Krisen in den ersten Lebensjahren. In: Thun-Hohenstein (ed.): \u00dcberg\u00e4nge: Wendepunkte und Z\u00e4suren in der kindlichen Entwicklung. G\u00f6ttingen: Vandenhoeck & Rupprecht 2005; 75\u201388.","DOI":"10.13109\/9783666462436.75"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomasello M, Carpenter M, Liszkowski U: A new look at infant pointing. Child Dev 2007; 78: 705\u201322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01025.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klitzing K von, Burgin D: Parental capacities fro triadic relationships during pregnancy: Early predictors of children\u2019s behavioral and representational functioning at preschool age. Inf Mental Hlth J 2005; 26: 19\u201339","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20032"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perren S, Wyl A von, Stadelmann S, Burgin D, Klitzing K von: Associations between behavioral\/emotional difficulties in kindergarten children and the quality of their peer relationships. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45: 867\u201376","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000220853.71521.cb"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref19","unstructured":"Papou\u0161ek M, Schieche M, Wurmser H, Barth R: Regulationsst\u00f6rungen der fr\u00fchen Kindheit: Fr\u00fche Risiken und Hilfen im Entwicklungskontext der Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen. 2nd edition. Bern: Huber 2010."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref20","unstructured":"Klitzing K von: Reaktive Bindungsst\u00f6rungen. Heidelberg: Springer 2009"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smyke AT, Koga SF, Johnson DE, et al.: The caregiving context in institution-reared and family-reared infants and toddlers in Romania. J Child Psychol Psyc 2007; 48: 210\u20138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01694.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smyke AT, Zeanah CH, Gleason MM, et al.: A randomized controlled trial comparing foster care and institutional care for children with signs of reactive attachment disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169: 508\u201314","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11050748"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref23","unstructured":"Bolten M, M\u00f6hler E, Gontard A von: Psychische St\u00f6rungen im S\u00e4uglings- und Kleinkindalter. Regulations-, F\u00fctter- und Schlafst\u00f6rungen. G\u00f6ttingen: Hogrefe 2013."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatoor I: Feeding disorders in infants and toddlers: diagnosis and treatment. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2002; 11: 163\u201383","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(01)00002-5"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zehetgruber N, Boedeker R, Kurth R, Faas D, Zimmer K, Heckmann M: Eating problems in very low birthweight children are highest during the first year and independent risk factors include duration of invasive ventilation. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103: e424","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12730"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connor DF: Preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review of prevalence, diagnosis, neurobiology, and stimulant treatment. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2002; 23: 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200202001-00002"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs S, Klein AM, Otto Y, Klitzing K: Prevalence of emotional and behavioral symptoms and their impact on daily life activities in a community sample of 3 to 5-year-old children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2013; 44: 493\u2013503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-012-0343-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolke D, Rizzo P, Woods S: Persistent infant crying and hyperactivity problems in middle childhood. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 1054\u201360","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.1054"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker K, Holtmann M, Laucht M, Schmidt MH: Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of later hyperkinetic symptoms? Acta Paediatr 2004; 93: 1463\u20139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02630.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref30","unstructured":"Keren M, Tyano S: Depression in der fr\u00fchen Kindheit. Kinderanalyse 2007; 15: 305\u201326."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Field T: Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: A review. Infant Behav Dev 2010; 33: 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2009.10.005"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray L, Arteche A, Fearon P, Halligan S, Goodyer I, Cooper P: Maternal postnatal depression and the development of depression in offspring Up to 16 years of age. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011; 50: 460\u201370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.02.001"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein AM, Otto Y, Fuchs S, Zenger M, Klitzing K von: Psychometric properties of the parent-rated SDQ in preschoolers. Eur J Psychol Assess 2013; 29: 96\u2013104","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000129"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luby J, Belden A: Depressive-symptom onset during toddlerhood in a\u00a0sample of depressed preschoolers: Implications for future investigations of major depressive disorder in toddlers. Infant Ment Health J 2012; 33: 139\u201347","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21314"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klitzing K von, White LO, Otto Y, Fuchs S, Egger HL, Klein AM: Depressive comorbidity in preschool anxiety disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 2014; 55: 1107\u201316","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12222"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salomonsson B, Sandell R: A randomized controlled trial of mother-infant psychoanalytic treatment: I. Outcomes on self-report questionnaires and external ratings. Infant Ment Health J 2011; 32: 207\u201331","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20291"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref37","unstructured":"Barlow J, Smailagic N, Ferriter M, Bennett C, Jones H: Group-based parent-training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in children from birth to three years old: Cochran Review: The Cochran Library 2012."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luby J, Lenze S, Tillman R: A novel early intervention for preschool depression: findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012; 53: 313\u201322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02483.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f6ttken T, White LO, Klein AM, Klitzing K von: Short-term psychoanalytic child therapy for anxious children: A pilot study. Psychotherapy 2014; 51: 148\u201358","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036026"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Masek B, Henin A, et al.: Cognitive behavioral therapy for 4- to 7-year-old children with anxiety disorders: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2010; 78: 498\u2013510","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019055"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wurmser H, Laubereau B, Hermann M, Papou\u0161ek M, Kries R von: Excessive infant crying: often not confined to the first three months of age. Early Human Development 2001; 64: 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(01)00166-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker K, Holtmann M, Laucht M, Schmidt MH: Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of later hyperkinetic symptoms? Acta Paediatr 2004; 93: 1463\u20139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02630.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angold A, Egger HL: Preschool psychopathology: lessons for the lifespan. J Child Psychol & Psychiat 2007; 48: 961\u20136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01832.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egger HL, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Potts E, Walter BK, Angold A: Test-retest eliability of the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45: 538\u201349","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000205705.71194.b8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5): 5th edition. Wahington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remschmidt H, Schmidt M: Multiaxiales Klassifikationsschema f\u00fcr psychische St\u00f6rungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters nach ICD-10 der WHO. 3rd ed. Bern: Huber 1994.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-22535-6_22"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref47","unstructured":"Stern D: The interpersonal world of the infant. New York: Basic Books 1985."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papousek H, Papousek M: Biological basis of social interactions: Implications of research for understanding of behavioural deviance. J Child Psychol Psyc 1983; 24: 117\u201329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00109.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref49","unstructured":"Spitz R: The first year of life. International Universities Press 1965."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref50","unstructured":"Largo RH: Die fr\u00fchkindliche Entwicklung aus biologischer Sicht. M\u00fcnchen: Piper 2010."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref51","unstructured":"Mahler M: On human symbiosis and the vicissitudes of individuation. New York: International Universities Press 1968."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref52","unstructured":"Klein M: Das Seelenleben des Kleinkindes und andere Beitr\u00e4ge zur Psychoanalyse. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta 1962."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref53","unstructured":"Tremblay RE, Nagin DS, Seguin JR, et al.: Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors. Can Child Adolesc Psychiatr Rev 2005; 14: 3\u20139."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraiberg S, Adelson E, Shapiro V: Ghosts in the nursery. A psychoanalytic approach to the problems of impaired infant-mother relationships. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1975; 14: 387\u2013421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)61442-4"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with reactive attachment disorder of infancy and early childhood. J Am Acad Child Psy 2005; 44: 1206\u201319","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000177056.41655.ce"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref56","unstructured":"Bowlby J: Attachment and loss. I: Attachment. Dt.: Bindung. New York: Basic Books 1969."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref57","unstructured":"Ainsworth M, Blehard M, Waters E, Wall S: Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1978."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheeringa M, Zeanah C, Drell M, Larrieu J: Two approaches to the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in infancy and early childhood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34: 191\u2013200","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199502000-00014"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright CM, Parkinson KN, Shipton D, Drewett RF: How do toddler eating problems relate to their eating behavior, food preferences, and growth? Pediatrics 2007; 120: e1069\u201375","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2961"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindberg L, Bohlin G, Hagekull B: Early feeding problems in a normal population. Int J Eat Disord 1991; 10: 395\u2013405","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199107)10:4<395::AID-EAT2260100404>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasse JE, Kikano GE: An overview of pediatric dysphagia. Clinical Pediatrics 2009; 48: 247\u201351.","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808327323"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crapnell TL, Rogers CE, Neil JJ, Inder TE, Woodward LJ, Pineda RG: Factors associated with feeding difficulties in the very preterm infant. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102: e539","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12393"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryant-Waugh R, Markham L, Kreipe RE, Walsh BT: Feeding and eating disorders in childhood. Int J Eat Disord. 2010; 43: 98\u2013111","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20795"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robbins J, Coyle J, Rosenbek J, Roecker E, Wood J: Differentiation of normal and abnormal airway protection during swallowing using the penetration-aspiration scale. Dysphagia 1999; 14: 228\u201332","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009610"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindberg L, Ostberg M, Isacson I, Dannaeus M: Feeding disorders related to nutrition. Acta Paediatr 2006; 95: 425\u20139","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500440410"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Micali N, Simonoff E, Treasure J: Infant feeding and weight in the first year of life in babies of women with eating disorders. J Pediatr 2009; 154: 55\u201360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.07.003"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlack R, H\u00f6lling H, Kurth B, Huss M: Die Pr\u00e4valenz der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-\/Hyperaktivit\u00e4tsst\u00f6rung (ADHS) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Erste Ergebnisse aus dem Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2007; 50: 827\u201335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-007-0246-2"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref68","unstructured":"Egger HL, Angold A: The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA): A structured parent interview for The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA): A structured parent interview for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in preschool children. In: DelCarmen-Wiggins R, Carter A, (ed. ) Handbook of infant and toddler mental assessment. New York: Oxford University Press 2004."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mingebach T, Roller A, Dalir S, Becker K, Pauli-Pott U: Spezifische und gemeinsame neuropsychologische Basisdefizite bei ADHS- und ODD-Symptomen im Vorschulalter. Kindheit und Entwicklung 2013; 22: 209\u201316","DOI":"10.1026\/0942-5403\/a000119"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, Lehmkuhl G, Steinhausen H: Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- und Hyperaktivit\u00e4tsst\u00f6rung (ADHS). G\u00f6ttingen: Hogrefe 2006.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-30887-3_18"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref71","unstructured":"Conners C: Conners early childhood scales. New York: Multi-Health Systems, Inc. 2009."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stifter CA, Braungart J: Infant Colic: a transient condition with no apparent effects. J Appl Dev Psychol 1992; 13: 447\u201362","DOI":"10.1016\/0193-3973(92)90012-7"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney J, Lee SS, Willcutt E: Instability of the DSM-IV Subtypes of ADHD from preschool through elementary school. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 896\u2013902","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.896"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berlin L, Bohlin G, Rydell A: Relations between inhibition, executive functioning, and ADHD symptoms: a longitudinal study from age 5 to 8(1\/2) years. Child Neuropsychol 2003; 9: 255\u201366","DOI":"10.1076\/chin.9.4.255.23519"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonuga-Barke EJS, Koerting J, Smith E, McCann DC, Thompson M: Early detection and intervention for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2011; 11: 557\u201363","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.39"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charach A, Carson P, Fox S, Ali MU, Beckett J, Lim CG: Interventions for preschool children at high risk for ADHD: a comparative effectiveness review. Pediatrics 2013; 131: e1584\u2013604.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0974"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daley D, Jones K, Hutchings J, Thompson M: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in pre-school children: current findings, recommended interventions and future directions. Child Care Health Dev 2009; 35: 754\u201366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.00938.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laforett DR, Murray DW, Kollins SH: Psychosocial treatments for preschool-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008; 14: 300\u201310","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.36"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray DW: Treatment of preschoolers with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2010; 12: 374\u201381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0142-6"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghuman JK, Arnold LE, Anthony BJ: Psychopharmacological and other treatments in preschool children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: current evidence and practice. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2008; 18: 413\u201347","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2008.022"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenhill L, Kollins S, Abikoff H, et al.: Efficacy and safety of immediate-release methylphenidate treatment for preschoolers with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45: 1284\u201393","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000235077.32661.61"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izard CE, Huebner RR, Risser D, Dougherty L: The young infant\u2019s ability to produce discrete emotion expressions. Developmental Psychology 1980; 16: 132\u201340","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.16.2.132"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Field T: Maternal depression effects on infants and early interventions. Prev Med 1998; 27: 200\u20133","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1998.0293"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apter-Levy Y, Feldman M, Vakart A, Ebstein RP, Feldman R: Impact of maternal depression across the first 6 years of life on the child\u2019s mental health, social engagement, and empathy: The moderating role of oxytocin. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170: 1161\u20138","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12121597"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Practice parameters for the psychiatric assessment of infants and toddlers (0\u201336 Months). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 21\u201336","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199710001-00003"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref86","unstructured":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie PuP (Behandlung von depressiven St\u00f6rungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. AWMF Leitlinie (S3): 028\u2013043. (last accessed on 1 July 2014)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref87","unstructured":"McDonough S: Interaction guidance: Understanding and treating early infant- caregiver relationship disorders. In: Zeahnah C (ed.): Handbook of infant mental health. New York: Guilford Press 1993; 414\u2013426."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert-Tissot C, Cramer B, Stern D, et al.: Outcome evaluation in brief mother-infant psychotherapies: report on 75 cases. Inf Mental Hlth J 1996; 17: 97\u2013114","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0355(199622)17:2<97::AID-IMHJ1>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref89","unstructured":"Baradon T: Psychoanalytische Psychotherapie mit Eltern und S\u00e4uglingen. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta 2011."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref90","unstructured":"Cohen N, Muir E, Lojkasek M: watch, wait and wonder: Ein kindzentriertes Psychotherapieprogramm zur Behandlung gest\u00f6rter Mutter-Kind-Beziehungen. Kinderanalyse 2003; 11: 58\u201379."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen N, Muir E, Parker CJ, et al.: Watch, wait and wonder: Testing the effectiveness of a new approach to mother-infant psychotherapy. Inf Mental Hlth J 1999; 20: 429\u201351","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0355(199924)20:4<429::AID-IMHJ5>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlow J, Parsons J, Stewart-Brown S: Preventing emotional and behavioural problems: the effectiveness of parenting programmes with children less than 3\u00a0years of age. Child Care Health Dev 2005; 31: 33\u201342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2005.00447.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas R, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ: Behavioral outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy and triple P-positive parenting program: a review and meta-analysis. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2007; 35: 475\u201395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9104-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H: Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression \u2013 1. impact on maternal mood. Br J Psychiatry 2003; 182: 412\u20139","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.5.412"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref95","unstructured":"Muir E, Lojkasek M, Cohen N: Watch, wait, and wonder. Toronto: Hincks-Dellcrest Denter 1999."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark R, Tluczek A, Wenzel A: Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A preliminary report. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2003; 73: 441\u201354","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.73.4.441"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rapee RM, Kennedy SJ, Ingram M, Edwards SL, Sweeney L: Altering the trajectory of anxiety in at-risk young children. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167: 1518\u201325","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09111619"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheeringa MS, Weems CF, Cohen JA, Amaya-Jackson L, Guthrie D: Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in three-through six year-old children: a randomized clinical trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011; 52: 853\u201360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02354.x"}],"container-title":["Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt international"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T08:43:25Z","timestamp":1638780205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,25]]},"references-count":98,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0375","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1152-x","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1866-0452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-0452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,25]]}}}