{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T20:07:46Z","timestamp":1785614866830,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T06:23:41Z","timestamp":1555050221000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Invasive Fungal Infection"],"prefix":"10.3238","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"von Lilienfeld-Toal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Wagener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Einsele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver A.","family":"Cornely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kurzai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11437","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher MC, Henk DA, Briggs CJ, et al.: Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health. Nature 2012; 484: 186\u201394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10947"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruhnke M, Groll AH, Mayser P, et al.: Estimated burden of fungal infections in Germany. Mycoses 2015; 58 (Suppl 5): 22\u20138. CrossRef","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12392"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bitar D, Lortholary O, Le Strat Y, et al.: Population-based analysis of invasive fungal infections, France, 2001\u20132010. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20: 1149\u201355","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.140087"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer E, Geffers C, Gastmeier P, Schwab F: No increase in primary nosocomial candidemia in 682 German intensive care units during 2006 to 2011. Euro Surveill 2013; 18: pii: 20505.","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.24.20505-en"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dignani MC: Epidemiology of invasive fungal diseases on the basis of autopsy reports. F1000Prime Rep 2014; 6: 81","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-81"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winters B, Custer J, Galvagno SM, Jr., et al.: Diagnostic errors in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of autopsy studies. BMJ Qual Saf 2012; 21: 894\u2013902","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-000803"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walther G, Stasch S, Kaerger K, et al.: Fusarium Keratitis in Germany. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55: 2983\u201395","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00649-17"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref8","unstructured":"Wagener J, Walther G, Kurzai O: Antimykotikaresistenz bei klinisch relevanten Erregern invasiver Pilzinfektionen in Deutschland. Der Mikrobiologe 2018; 28: 13\u20138."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinmann J, Hamprecht A, Vehreschild MJ, et al.: Emergence of azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis in HSCT recipients in Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70: 1522\u20136","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku566"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhary A, Meis JF, Guarro J, et al.: ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 (Suppl 3): 47\u201375","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12515"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornely OA, Arikan-Akdagli S, Dannaoui E, et al.: ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis 2013. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 (Suppl 3): 5\u201326","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12371"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, et al.: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl 7): 19\u201337","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12039"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hope WW, Castagnola E, Groll AH, et al.: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: prevention and management of invasive infections in neonates and children caused by Candida spp. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl 7): 38\u201352 CrossRef","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12040"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lortholary O, Petrikkos G, Akova M, et al.: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: patients with HIV infection or AIDS. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl 7): 68\u201377","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12042"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tortorano AM, Richardson M, Roilides E, et al.: ESCMID and ECMM joint guidelines on diagnosis and management of hyalohyphomycosis: Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. and others. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 (Suppl 3): 27\u201346","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12465"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, et al.: Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24 (Suppl 1): e1\u2013e38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref17","unstructured":"Ullmann AJ, Akova M, Herbrecht R, et al.: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: adults with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl 7): 53\u201367"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, et al.: Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 1813\u201321","DOI":"10.1086\/588660"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schauwvlieghe A, Rijnders BJA, Philips N, et al.: Invasive aspergillosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe influenza: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2018; 6: 782\u201392","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30274-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohedano Del Pozo RB, Rubio Alonso M, Cuetara Garcia MS: Diagnosis of invasive fungal disease in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rev Iberoam Micol 2018; 35: 117\u201322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2017.07.004"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Spriet I, et al.: Significance of the isolation of Candida species from airway samples in critically ill patients: a prospective, autopsy study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 1526\u201331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1482-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leeflang MM, Debets-Ossenkopp YJ, Wang J, et al.: Galactomannan detection for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015: CD007394","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007394.pub2"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes RA, White PL, Morton CO, et al.: Diagnosis of aspergillosis by PCR: Clinical considerations and technical tips. Medical Mycol 2018; 56: 60\u201372","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx091"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boch T, Reinwald M, Spiess B, et al.: Detection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients by combined use of conventional culture, galactomannan, 1\u20133-beta-D-glucan and Aspergillus specific nested polymerase chain reaction in a prospective pilot study. J Crit Care 2018; 47: 198\u2013203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.07.001"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heng SC, Chen SC, Morrissey CO, et al.: Clinical utility of Aspergillus galactomannan and PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with haematological malignancies. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 79: 322\u20137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2014.03.020"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meis JF, Chowdhary A, Rhodes JL, Fisher MC, Verweij PE: Clinical implications of globally emerging azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371: pii: 20150460","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0460"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mellinghoff SC, Panse J, Alakel N, et al.: Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies: 2017 update of the recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol 2018; 97: 197\u2013207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-3196-2"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al.: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62: e1\u2013e50","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ933"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruhnke M, Rickerts V, Cornely OA, et al.: Diagnosis and therapy of Candida infections: joint recommendations of the German Speaking Mycological Society and the Paul-Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy. Mycoses 2011; 54: 279\u2013310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02040.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reboli AC, Rotstein C, Pappas PG, et al.: Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 2472\u201382","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066906"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patterson TF, Thompson GR 3rd, Denning DW, et al.: Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63: e1\u2013 e\u00a060.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mousset S, Buchheidt D, Heinz W, et al.: Treatment of invasive fungal infections in cancer patients-updated recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol 2014; 93: 13\u201332","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1867-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al.: Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 408\u201315","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020191"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maertens JA, Raad, II, Marr KA, et al.: Isavuconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive mould disease caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2016; 387: 760\u20139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01159-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vehreschild JJ, Heussel CP, Groll AH, et al.: Serial assessment of pulmonary lesion volume by computed tomography allows survival prediction in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Eur Radiol 2017; 27: 3275\u201382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4717-4"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FlorCruz NV, Evans JR: Medical interventions for fungal keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 4: CD004241.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004241.pub4"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarthy MW, Kontoyiannis DP, Cornely OA, Perfect JR, Walsh TJ: Novel agents and drug targets to meet the challenges of resistant fungi. J Infect Dis 2017; 216: S474\u2013S83","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix130"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kullberg BJ, Arendrup MC: Invasive Candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 1445\u201356","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunha C, Aversa F, Lacerda JF, et al.: Genetic PTX3 deficiency and aspergillosis in stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 421\u201332","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211161"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geissel B, Loiko V, Klugherz I, et al.: Azole-induced cell wall carbohydrate patches kill Aspergillus fumigatus. Nat Commun 2018; 9: 3098","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05497-7"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frick WF, Pollock JF, Hicks AC, et al.: An emerging disease causes regional population collapse of a common North American bat species. Science 2010; 329: 679\u201382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188594"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crawford AJ, Lips KR, Bermingham E: Epidemic disease decimates amphibian abundance, species diversity, and evolutionary history in the highlands of central Panama. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107: 13777\u201382","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914115107"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dean R, Van Kan JA, Pretorius ZA, et al.: The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 2012; 13: 414\u201330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duggan S, Leonhardt I, H\u00fcnniger K, Kurzai O: Host response to Candida albicans bloodstream infection and sepsis. Virulence 2015; 6: 316\u201326","DOI":"10.4161\/21505594.2014.988096"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajasingham R, Smith RM, Park BJ, et al.: Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 17: 873\u201381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30243-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arendrup MC, Perlin DS: Echinocandin resistance: an emerging clinical problem? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2014; 27: 484\u201392","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000111"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeffery-Smith A, Taori SK, Schelenz S, et al.: Candida auris: a Review of the Literature. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 31: pii: e00029\u201317.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-17"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedrich R, Rappold E, Bogdan C, Held J: Comparative analysis of the wako beta-glucan test and the fungitell assay for diagnosis of candidemia and pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56: pii: e00464\u201318","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00464-18"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Held J, Kohlberger I, Rappold E, Busse Grawitz A, Hacker G: Comparison of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan, mannan\/anti-mannan antibodies, and Cand-Tec Candida antigen as serum biomarkers for candidemia. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51: 1158\u201364","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02473-12"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dichtl K, Seybold U, Wagener J: Serological biomarkers of candidemia: a retrospective evaluation of three assays. Infection 2018: doi: 10.1007\/s15010\u2013018\u20131224\u20133. [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1224-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander BD, Johnson MD, Pfeiffer CD, et al.: Increasing echinocandin resistance in Candida glabrata: clinical failure correlates with presence of FKS mutations and elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56: 1724\u201332","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit136"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seufert R, Sedlacek L, Kahl B, et al.: Prevalence and characterization of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis: a prospective multicentre study in Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73: 2047\u201353","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky147"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref53","unstructured":"Kullberg BJ, Blijlevens NMA, Janssen JJWM, et al.: Stichting Werkgroep Antibioticabeleid. https:\/\/www.swab.nl\/swab\/cms3.nsf\/uploads\/3AA7A56CE879587BC12581F80061297F\/$FILE\/SWAB%20Richtlijn%20Mycosen%202017%20(final).pdf (last accessed on 19. March 2019)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tissot F, Agrawal S, Pagano L, et al.: ECIL-6 guidelines for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and mucormycosis in leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Haematologica 2017; 102: 433\u201344","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.152900"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz S, Ruhnke M, Ribaud P, et al.: Improved outcome in central nervous system aspergillosis, using voriconazole treatment. Blood 2005; 106: 2641\u20135","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0733"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marr KA, Schlamm HT, Herbrecht R, et al.: Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2015; 162: 81\u20139","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2508"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elgamal EA, Murshid WR: Intracavitary administration of amphotericin B in the treatment of cerebral aspergillosis in a non immune-compromised patient: case report and review of the literature. Br J Neurosurg 2000; 14: 137\u201341","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690050004589"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovanda LL, Kolamunnage-Dona R, Neely M, Maertens J, Lee M, Hope WW: Pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole for invasive mold disease: role of galactomannan for real-time monitoring of therapeutic response. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64: 1557\u201363","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix198"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behrens-Baumann W, Finis D, MacKenzie C, Roth M, Geerling G: [Keratomycosis\u2014therapy standards and new developments]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2015; 232: 754\u201364","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1546032"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prajna NV, Krishnan T, Rajaraman R, et al.: Adjunctive oral voriconazole treatment of fusarium keratitis: a secondary analysis from the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial II. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017; 135: 520\u20135","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.0616"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prajna NV, Krishnan T, Rajaraman R, et al.: Effect of oral voriconazole on fungal keratitis in the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial II (MUTT II): a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2016; 134: 1365\u201372","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4096"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Passweg JR, Baldomero H, Bader P, et al.: Is the use of unrelated donor transplantation leveling off in Europe? The 2016 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant activity survey report. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53: 1139\u201348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-018-0153-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Passweg JR, Baldomero H, Bader P, et al.: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Europe 2014: more than 40 000 transplants annually. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51: 786\u201392","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.20"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarthy MW, Walsh TJ: Drug development challenges and strategies to address emerging and resistant fungal pathogens. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15: 577\u201384","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2017.1328279"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anesi JA, Baddley JW: Approach to the solid organ transplant patient with suspected fungal infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2016; 30: 277\u201396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.001"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagano L, Akova M, Dimopoulos G, Herbrecht R, Drgona L, Blijlevens N: Risk assessment and prognostic factors for mould-related diseases in immunocompromised patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66 (Suppl 1): i5\u201314","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq437"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark NM, Weigt SS, Fishbein MC, Kubak B, Belperio JA, Lynch JP, 3rd: Fungal infections complicating lung transplantation. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 39: 227\u201354","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617443"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caira M, Candoni A, Verga L, et al.: Pre-chemotherapy risk factors for invasive fungal diseases: prospective analysis of 1,192 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (SEIFEM 2010-a multicenter study). Haematologica 2015; 100: 284\u201392","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.113399"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pittet D, Monod M, Suter PM, Frenk E, Auckenthaler R: Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg 1994; 220: 751\u20138","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199412000-00008"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maskarinec SA, Johnson MD, Perfect JR: Genetic susceptibility to fungal infections: What is in the Genes? Curr Clin Microbiol Rep 2016; 3: 81\u201391","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-016-0037-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar V, Cheng SC, Johnson MD, et al.: Immunochip SNP array identifies novel genetic variants conferring susceptibility to candidaemia. Nat Commun 2014; 5: 4675","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5675"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warris A: Immunopathology of aspergillus infections in children with chronic granulomatous disease and cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018: doi:\u00a010.1097\/INF.0000000000002265. [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002265"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunha C, Goncalves SM, Duarte-Oliveira C, et al.: IL-10 overexpression predisposes to invasive aspergillosis by suppressing antifungal immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140: 867\u201370.e9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.02.034"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemarie E, Lemaire B, Saudeau D, Lavandier M, Renoux M, Renoux G: Disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with bronchiectasis. A 15-month clinical and immunological follow-up. Respiration 1986; 49: 235\u201340","DOI":"10.1159\/000194884"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pegues DA, Lasker BA, McNeil MM, Hamm PM, Lundal JL, Kubak BM: Cluster of cases of invasive aspergillosis in a transplant intensive care unit: evidence of person-to-person airborne transmission. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: 412\u20136","DOI":"10.1086\/338025"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, et al.: Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 1982; 5: 649\u201355","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198212000-00014"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson TM, Clay MC, Cioffi AG, et al.: Amphotericin forms an extramembranous and fungicidal sterol sponge. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10: 400\u20136","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1496"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clancy CJ, Pappas PG, Vazquez J, et al.: Detecting Infections Rapidly and Easily for Candidemia Trial, Part 2 (DIRECT2): a prospective, multicenter study of the T2Candida Panel. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 66: 1678\u201386","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1095"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brasnu E, Bourcier T, Dupas B, et al.: In vivo confocal microscopy in fungal keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91: 588\u201391","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.107243"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labbe A, Khammari C, Dupas B, et al.: Contribution of in vivo confocal microscopy to the diagnosis and management of infectious keratitis. Ocul Surf 2009; 7: 41\u201352","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70291-4"}],"container-title":["Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt international"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T20:40:22Z","timestamp":1663274422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"references-count":80,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0271","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-0452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-0452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]}}}