{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:06:26Z","timestamp":1791875186119,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T06:35:39Z","timestamp":1570170939000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["The Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Facial Paresis (Bell\u2019s Palsy)"],"prefix":"10.3238","author":[{"given":"Josef Georg","family":"Heckmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Paul","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Pitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas-Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildik\u03cc","family":"G\u00e1gyor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11437","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilden DH: Bell\u00b4s palsy. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1323\u201331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp041120"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowlands S, Hooper R, Hughes R, Burney P: The epidemiology and treatment of Bell\u2018s palsy in the UK. Eur J Neurol 2002; 9: 63\u20137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00343.x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales DR, Donnan P, Daly F, van Sta T, Sullivan FM: Impact of clinical trial findings on Bell\u00b4s palsy management in general practice in the UK 2001\u20132012: interrupted time series regression analysis. BMJ Open 2013; 3: e003121","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003121"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan FM, Swan IR, Donnan PT, et al.: Early treatment with prednisolone or acyclovir in Bell\u2018s palsy. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1598\u2013607","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072006"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glass GE, Tzafetta K: Optimising treatment of Bell\u00b4s palsy. Br J Gen Pract 2014; e807\u20139","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X683041"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plumbaum K, Volk GF, Boeger D, et al.: Inpatient treatment of patients with acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy: a population-based health care research study. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42: 1267\u201374","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12862"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heckmann JG, Lang C, Urban P, et al.: Therapie der idiopathischen Fazialisparese (Bell\u00b4s palsy). Akt Neurol 2017; 44: 712\u201327","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-118088"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heckmann JG, Heckmann SM, Lang CJ, Hummel T: Neurological aspects of taste disorders. Arch Neurol 2003; 60: 667\u201371","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.5.667"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"House JW, Brackmann DE: Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1985; 93: 146\u20137","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkensieper M, Volk GF, Guntinas-Lichius O: Erkrankungen des Nervus facialis. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 2012; 91: 121\u201342","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1300965"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang W, Xu L, Luo T, Wu F, Zhao B, Li X: The etiology of Bell\u00b4s palsy: a review. J Neurol 2019, Epub ahead of print","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09282-4"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref12","unstructured":"Ronthal M: Bell\u00b4s palsy: pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis in adults. www.uptodate.com\/contents\/bells-palsy-pathogenesis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-in-adults? (last accessed on 22 March 2019)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutsch M, Zhou W, Rhodes P, et al.: Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of Bell\u00b4s palsy in Switzerland. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 896\u2013903","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030595"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peitersen E: Bell\u2018s palsy: the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 2002; 549: 4\u201330","DOI":"10.1080\/000164802320401694"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finsterer J: Mangement of peripheral facial nerve palsy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 265: 743\u201352","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0646-4"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref16","unstructured":"Dammann F, Grees H, K\u00f6sling S, Kress B, Lell M: Radiologische Diagnostik im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Leitlinie der Deutschen R\u00f6ntgengesellschaft (DRG). Registernummer 039\u2013093. www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/039-093.html (last accessed on 13 September 2019)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burmeister HP, Baltzer PA, Klingner CM, Pantel M, Kaiser WA: Computer- und Magnetresonanztomographie des N. facialis. HNO\u00a02010; 58: 433\u201342","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-010-2101-2"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su BM, Kuan EC, St John MA: What is the role of imaging in the evaluation of the patient presenting with unilateral facial paralysis? Laryngoscope 2018; 128: 297\u20138","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26825"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banati M, Vachalova I, Vynogradova I, Heckmann JG: Isolierte Hirnnerven-L\u00e4sionen: Gangliosid-Autoantik\u00f6rper als Hinweis auf Immunneuropathie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2015; 140: 1154\u20137","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-103406"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohler A, Chofflon M, Sztajzel R, Magistris MR: Cerebrospinal fluid in acute peripheral facial palsy. J Neurol 1999; 246: 165\u20139","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050328"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hato N, Yamada H, Kohno H, et al.: Valaciclovir and prednisolone treatment for Bell\u2018s palsy: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Otol Neurotol 2007; 28: 408\u201313","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000265190.29969.12"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engstr\u00f6m M, Berg T, Stjernquist-Desatnik A, et al.: Prednisolone and valaciclovir in Bell\u2018s palsy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 993\u20131000","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70221-7"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuller G, Morgan C: Bell\u00b4s palsy syndrome: mimics and chameleons. Pract Neurol 2016; 16: 439\u201344","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2016-001383"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henkel K, Lange P, Eiffert H, Nau R, Spreer A: Infections in the differential diagnosis of Bell\u00b4s palsy: a plea for performing CSF analysis. Infection 2017; 45: 147\u201355","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0933-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann J, Jesse S, Kassubek J, Pinkhardt E, Ludolph AC: Differential diagnosis and peripheral facial nerve palsy\u2014a retrospective clinical, MRI- and CSF-based study. J Neurol 2019, in press","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09387-w"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6schel K, Gr\u00f6schel S: Diagnostische Lumbalpunktion. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2015; 140: 738\u201340","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-102251"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain A, Nduka C, Moth P, Malhotra R: Bell\u00b4s facial nerve palsy in pregnancy: a clinical review. J Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 37: 409\u201315","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2016.1256973"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gronseth GS, Paduga R: Evidence-based guidelines update: steroids and antivirals for Bell palsy. Report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2012; 79: 2209\u201313","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318275978c"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehrchen J: Prinzipien der Steroidtherapie. Hautarzt 2012; 63: 973\u201384","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-012-2471-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madhok VB, Gagyor I, Somasundara D, Sullivan M, Gammie F, Sullivan F: Corticosteroids for Bell\u00b4s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 5: CD001942","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001942.pub5"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gagyor I, Madhok VB, Daly F, Sullivan F: Antiviral treatment for Bell\u2018s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database of Sys Rev 2019; 8: CD001869","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001869.pub9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan F, Daly F, Gagyor I: Antiviral agents added to corticosteroids for early treatment of adults with acute idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell palsy). JAMA 2016; 316: 874\u20135","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.10160"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref33","unstructured":"Ronthal M: Bell\u00b4s palsy: treatment and prognosis in adults. www.uptodate.com\/contents\/bells-palsy-treatment-and-prognosis-in-adults (last accessed on 22 March 2019)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volk GF, Klingner C, Finkensieper M, Witte OW, Guntinas-Lichius O: Prognostication of recovery time after acute peripheral facial palsy: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2013; 3: pii: e003007","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003007"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref35","unstructured":"Peitersen E: The natural history of Bell\u2018s palsy. Am J Otol 1982; 4: 107\u201311"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao H, Zhang X, Tang YD, Zhu J, Wang XH, Li ST: Bell\u00b4s palsy: clinical analysis of 372 cases and review of related literature. Eur Neurol 2017; 77: 168\u201372","DOI":"10.1159\/000455073"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nau R, Christen HJ, Eiffert H: Lyme disease\u2014current state of knowledge. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009; 106: 72\u201381","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0525"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref38","unstructured":"Holland J: Bell\u2019s palsy. BMJ Clin Evid 2011; pii: 1204"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berghaus A, San Nicolo M: Fazialisparese \u2013 wenn die Mimik erlischt. MMW Fortschr Med 2015; 157: 42\u20135","DOI":"10.1007\/s15006-015-3538-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volk GF, Pantel M, Guntinas-Lichius O: Modern concepts in facial nerve reconstruction. Head Face Med 2010; 6: 25","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-6-25"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hilsinger RL Jr, Adour KK, Doty HE: Idiopathic facial paralysis, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1975; 84: 433\u201342","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947508400402"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hellebrand MC, Friebe-Hoffmann, Bender HG, Kojda G, Hoffmann TK: Das Mona-Lisa-Syndrom \u2013 die periphere Fazialisparese in der Schwangerschaft. Z Geburtsh Neonatol 2006; 210: 126\u201334","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-947216"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guntinas-Lichius O: Ist die Fazialisparese in der Schwangerschaft ein eigenes Krankheitsbild? HNO 2012; 60: 96\u20137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-011-2449-y"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref44","unstructured":"Mumenthaler M: Neurologischer Untersuchungskurs, Teil II. Dtsch Arztebl 1974; 3463\u201376"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urban P: Idiopathische Hirnnervenausf\u00e4lle. Nervenarzt 2017; 88: 1439\u201359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-017-0396-x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref46","unstructured":"Rohen J: Topographische Anatomie. Stuttgart: Schattauer-Verlag 10th edition; 2017; 209."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volk GF, Schaede RA, Thielker J, et al.: Reliability of grading of facial palsy using a video tutorial with synchronous video recording. Laryngoscope 2019, in press","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27739"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref48","unstructured":"Schliack H: Zur Therapie der idiopathischen Fazialisl\u00e4hmung. Dtsch Arztebl 1973; 562\u20135."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf SR: Die idiopathische Fazialisparese. HNO 1998; 46: 786\u201398","DOI":"10.1007\/s001060050314"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franzke P, Bitsch A, Walther M, et al.: Weather, weather changes and risk of Bell\u00b4s palsy: a multicenter case-crossover study. Neuroepidemiology 2018; 51: 207\u201315","DOI":"10.1159\/000492671"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evison J, Aebi C, Francioli P, et al.: Abkl\u00e4rung und Therapie der Lyme-Borreliose bei Erwachsenen und Kindern. Schweiz \u00c4rztezeitung 2005; 86: 2375\u201384","DOI":"10.4414\/saez.2005.11526"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref52","unstructured":"Urban P: Neurophysiologische Diagnostik bei Hirnnervenerkrankungen. J Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr 2009; 10: 60\u201373."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim SH, Ryu EW, Yang CW, Yeo SG, Park MS, Byun JY: The prognostic value of electroneurography of Bell\u00b4s palsy at the orbicularis oculi versus nasolabial fold. Laryngoscope 2016; 126: 1644\u20138","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25709"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee DH: Clinical efficacy of electroneurography in acute facial paralysis. J Audiol Otol 2016; 20: 8\u201312","DOI":"10.7874\/jao.2016.20.1.8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"April MD, Long B, Koyfman A: Emergency medicine myths: computed tomography of the head prior to lumbar puncture in adults with suspected bacterial meningitis\u2014due diligence or antiquated practice? J Emerg Med 2017; 53: 313\u201321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.04.032"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e4\u00e4maa S, Salonen M, Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 I, Piiparinen H, Sarna S, Koskiniemi M: Varicella zoster and borrelia burgdorferi are the main agents associated with facial paresis, especially in children. J Clin Virol 2003; 27: 146\u201351","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00169-5"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nigrovic LE, Thompson AD, Fine AM, Kimia A: Clinical predictors of lyme disease among children with a peripheral facial palsy at an emergency department in a lyme disease-endemic area. Pediatrics 2008; 122: e1080\u20135","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1273"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sauerbrei A, Eichhorn U, Schacke M, Wutzler P: Laboratory diagnosis of herpes zoster. J Clin Virol 1999; 14: 31\u20136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(99)00042-6"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref59","unstructured":"Wutzler P, Gross G, Doerr HW: Antivirale Therapie des Zoster. Dtsch Arztebl 2003; 100: A858\u201360."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira LJ, Valbuza JS, Prado GF: Physical therapy for Bell\u00b4s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 7: CD006283","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006283.pub3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhou M, He L, Zhou D, Li N: Acupuncture for Bell\u00b4s palsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD002914","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002914.pub5"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAllister K, Walker D, Donnan PT, Swan I: Surgical interventions for the early management of Bell\u00b4s palsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013: 10: CD007468","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007468.pub3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira M, Firmino-Machado J, Marques EA, Santos PC, Simoes AD, Duarte JA: Prognostic factors for recovery in Portugese patients with Bell\u00b4s palsy. Neurol Res 2016; 38: 851\u20136","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2016.1209620"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bylund N, Jensson D, Enghag S, et al.: Synkinesis in Bell\u00b4s palsy in a randomized controlled triel. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42: 673\u201380","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12799"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong SH, Jung AR, Jung J, et al.: Recurrent Bell\u00b4s palsy. Clin Otolaryngol 2019; 44: 305\u201312","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13293"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pecket P, Schattner A: Concurrent Bell\u00b4s palsy and diabetes mellitus: a diabetic mononeuropathy? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982; 45: 652\u20135","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.7.652"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saito O, Aoyagi M, Tojima H, Koike Y: Diagnosis and treatment for Bell\u2018s palsy associated with diabetes mellitus. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1994; 511: 153\u20135","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489409128322"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riga M, Kefalidis G, Danielides V: The role of diabetes mellitus in the clinical presentation and prognosis of Bell palsy. J Am Board Fam Med 2012; 25: 819\u201326","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2012.06.120084"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drack FD, Weissert M: Outcome of peripheral facial palsy in children\u2014a catamnestic study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2013; 17: 185\u201391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.09.003"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref70","unstructured":"Khajeh A, Fayyazi A, Soleimani G, Miri-Aliabad G, Shaykh Veisi S, Khajeh B: Comparison of the efficacy of combination therapy of prednisolone\u2014acyclovir with prednisolone alone in Bell\u2018s palsy. Iran J Child Neurol 2015; 9: 17\u201320."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salman MS, MacGregor DL: Should children with Bell\u2018s palsy be treated with corticosteroids? A systematic review. J Child Neurol 2001; 16: 565\u20138","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380101600805"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babl FE, Mackay MT, Borland ML, et al.: Bell\u2018s Palsy in Children (BellPIC): protocol for a multicentre, placebo-controlled randomized trial. BMC Pediatrics 2017; 17: 53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0702-y"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref73","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Jensen K, Jansen M: Behandlung des fehlenden Lidschlusses. Sechs Jahre Erfahrung mit \u201eLidloading\u201c. Dtsch Arztebl 1997; 94: A-747\u201350."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hesse S, Werner C, Melzer I, Bardeleben A: Lidbeschwerung mit einem auf das Oberlid geklebten Bleipl\u00e4ttchen zur vor\u00fcbergehenden Therapie des Lagophthalmus. Akt Neurol 2010; 37: 341\u20133","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1248596"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommer F: Operative Ektropiumkorrektur. Ophthalmologe 2010; 107: 898\u2013904","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-009-2124-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coyle M, Godden A, Brennan PA, et al.: Dynamic reanimation for facial palsy: an overview. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 51: 679\u201383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.12.007"}],"container-title":["Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt international"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T10:28:26Z","timestamp":1638786506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0692","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-0452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-0452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]}}}