{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T12:26:35Z","timestamp":1766924795642,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T10:54:01Z","timestamp":1752836041000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diseases of the male breast: Gynecomastia and breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.3238","author":[{"given":"Andree","family":"Faridi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffi","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11437","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanakis GA, Nordkap L, Bang AK, et al.: EAA clinical practice guidelines-gynecomastia evaluation and management. Andrology 2019; 7: 778\u201393","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12636"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schanz S, Schreiber G, Zitzmann M, et al.: S1-Leitlinie: GM im Erwachsenenalter. AWMF Registernummer 013\u2013039. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 15: 465\u201372","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13080_g"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref3","unstructured":"Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM. Gynecomastia: Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR et al. (eds): Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com 2023."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braunstein GD: Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1229\u201337","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp070677"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braunstein GD: What accounts for the increased incidnce of gynecomastia diagnosis in Denmark from 1998\u20132017? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105: e3810\u20131","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa485"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref6","unstructured":"Braunstein GD, Anawalt BD: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and causes of gynecomastia. In: Post TW (eds). UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2020."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref7","unstructured":"AWMF GM: S1 Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin. Register Nr. 027\/028 (in \u00dcberarbeitung unter der Register Nr. 174\/023) register.awmf.org\/assets\/guidelines\/174\u2013004m_S1_Kleinwuchs_2023\u201307.pdf (ast accessed on 25 April 2025)"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS: Gynecomastia in adolescent males: Current understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29: 75\u201381","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2346142.071"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hohl A , Ronsoni MF, van de Sande Lee S, Gynecomastia. In: Hohl A, (eds.) Testosterone: From basic to clinical aspect. Springer 2024; 159\u201376","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-65245-5_6"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braunstein GD: Aromatase and gynecomastia. Endocr Relat Cancer 1999; 6: 315\u20132","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.0.0060315"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen H, Webb ML, DiVasta AD, et al.: Adolescent gynecomastia: Not only an obesity issue. Ann Plast Surg 2010; 64: 688\u201390","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181dba827"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6hn FM, Schuppe HC: [Check list Gynecomastia]. MMW Fortschr Med 2022; 164: 65\u20139","DOI":"10.1007\/s15006-022-1872-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mieritz MG, Christiansen P, Jensen MB, et al.: Gynaecomastia in 786 adult men: Clinical and biochemical findings. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176: 555\u201366","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0643"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X, Zheng X, Zhang M, Huang J, Huang P, Wang J: Drug-induced gynecomastia: Data mining and analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database. Clin Epidemiol 2024; 16: 617\u201330","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S470959"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref15","unstructured":"Boecker W, Weigel S, Heindel W, Stute P: The normal breast. In: Boecker W (ed.): Preneoplasia of the Breast. M\u00fcnchen: Saunders 2006; 2\u201327."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannix J, Duke H, Almajnooni A, Ongkeko M: Imaging the male breast: Gynecomastia, male breast cancer, and beyond. Radiographics 2024; 44: e230181","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.230181"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang S, Leng Y, Chau CM, et al.: The ins and outs of male breast and anterior chest wall lesions from childhood to adulthood. Clin Radiol 2022; 77: 503\u201313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2022.02.020"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieschlag E: Gynecomastia. In: Nieschlag E, Behre HM, Kliesch S, Nieschlag S (eds.): Andrology. Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. 4. Edition. Cham: Springer 2023; 479\u201390","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-31574-9_32"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klang E, Kanana N, Grossman A, et al.: Quantitative CT assessment of gynecomastia in the general population and in dialysis, cirrhotic, and obese patients. Acad Radiol 2018; 25: 626\u201335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2017.11.008"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acharya SV: Clinical features, presentation and hormonal parameters in patients with pubertal gynecomastia. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10: 648\u201351","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1987_20"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinsella Jr. C, Landfair A, Rottgers SA, et al.: The psychological burden of idiopathic adolescent gynecomastia. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 129: 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182361efd"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger O, Landau Z, Talisman R: Gynecomastia: A systematic review of pharmacological treatments. Front Pediatr 2022; 10: 1\u20138","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.978311"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoedler L, Knoedler S, Alfertshofer M, et al.: Gynecomastia surgery in 4996 male patients over 14 years: A retrospective analysis of surgical trends, predictive risk factors, and short-term outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48: 4642\u201350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-03927-0"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref24","unstructured":"DG\u00c4PC: Zahlen, Fakten und Trends der \u00c4sthetisch-Plastischen Chirurgie. Statistik 2015 und 2023\u20132024. www.dgaepc.de\/aktuelles\/dgaepc-statistik\/ (last accessed on 25 April 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ridha H, Colville RJ, Vesely MJ: How happy are patients with their gynaecomastia reduction surgery? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2009; 62: 1473\u20138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.04.042"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagerlund A, Lewin R, Rufolo G, et al. Gynecomastia: A systematic review. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2015; 9: 311\u20138","DOI":"10.3109\/2000656X.2015.1053398"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owji SC, Shroff N, Robinson AS, Posleman Monetto FE: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia in a healthy young adult male. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17: 2919\u201322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2022.05.033"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gucalp A, Traina TA, Eisner JR, et al.: Male breast cancer: A disease distinct from female breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 173: 37\u201348","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4921-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, et al.: Breast carcinoma in men: A population-based study. Cancer 2004; 101: 51\u20137","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20312"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brinton LA, Richesson DA, Gierach GL, et al.: Prospective evaluation of risk factors for male breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100: 1477\u201381","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn329"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giordano SH: Breast cancer in men. N Engl J Med 2018; 378: 2311\u201320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1707939"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolfes M, Borde J, M\u00f6llenhoff K, et al.: Prevalence of cancer predisposition germline variants in male breast cancer patients: Results of the German consortium for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Cancers 2022; 14: 3292","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133292"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottini L: Male breast cancer: A rare disease that might uncover underlying pathways of breast cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14: 643\u20134","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3806"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyberg T, Frost D, Barrowdale D, et al.: Prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: A prospective cohort study. Eur Urol 2020; 77: 24\u201335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.025"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu T, Tong Z, He L, Zhang L: Clinicopathological characteristics and survival analysis of 87 male breast cancer cases. Breast Care (Basel) 2011; 6: 446\u201351","DOI":"10.1159\/000335204"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref36","unstructured":"Nofal MN, Yousef AJ: The diagnosis of male breast cancer. Neth J Med 2019; 77: 356\u20139."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greif JM, Pezzi CM, Klimberg VZ, Bailey L, Zuraek M: Gender differences in breast cancer: Analysis of 13,000 breast cancers in men from the National Cancer Data Base. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 3199\u2013204","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2479-z"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim SH, Kim YS: Ultrasonographic and mammographic findings of male breast disease. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38: 243\u201352","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14665"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wibowo E, Pollock PA, Hollis N, Wassersug RJ: Tamoxifen in men: A review of adverse events. Andrology 2016; 4: 776\u201388","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12197"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halbach SM, Midding E, Ernstmann N, et al.: Male breast cancer patients\u2018 perspectives on their health care situation: A mixed-methods study. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 15: 22\u20139","DOI":"10.1159\/000501956"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Billa E, Kanakis GA, Goulis DG: Imaging in gynecomastia. Andrology 2021; 9 :1444\u201356","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13051"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frigerio G, Serre A, Engels PE, Kalbermatten DF, Andr\u00e9-L\u00e9vigne D: Available techniques to minimize scars in surgical management of gynecomastia\u2014a comprehensive review. JPRAS Open 2024; 42: 256\u201367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2024.09.011"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasielska-Trojan A, Antoszewski B: Gynecomastia Surgery\u2014impact on life quality: A prospective case-control study. Ann Plast Surg 2017; 78: 264\u20138","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000860"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holzmer SW, Lewis PG, Landau MJ, et al.: Surgical management of gynecomastia: A comprehensive review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2020; 8: e3161","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003161"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiesman IM, Lehman JA, Parker MG, et al.: Gynecomastia: An outcome analysis. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 53: 97\u2013101","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000116256.01831.17"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref46","unstructured":"Zhenzhen L, Yichun D, Xiaojing L: Study on the clinical effects of liposuction and small incision gland resection for the treatment of gynecomastia. Altern Ther Health Med 2023; 29: 222\u20137."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref47","unstructured":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Krebsregisterdaten und Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e.V.: Krebs in Deutschland f\u00fcr 2019\/2020. 14. Ausgabe. www.krebsdaten.de\/Krebs\/DE\/Content\/Publikationen\/Krebs_in_Deutschland\/krebs_in_deutschland_2023.pdf (last accessed on 18 September 2024)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brinton LA, Cook MB, McCormack V, et al.: Anthropometric and hormonal risk factors for male breast cancer: Male breast cancer pooling project results. J Natl Cancer 2014; 106: djt465","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt465"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref49","unstructured":"BRCA Gene Changes: Cancer risk and genetic testing fact sheet\u2013NCI (last accessed on 6 February 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref50","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie e.V. Empfehlungen gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie Kommission Mamma. www.ago2025.de\/fileadmin\/2025\/Slides_DE\/AGO_2025D_02_Genetik.pdf (last accessed on 3 April 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref51","unstructured":"Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie: S3-Leitlinie Mammakarzinom, Version 4.4, Juni 2021."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref52","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie e.V. Empfehlungen gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie Kommission Mamma. www.ago2025.de\/fileadmin\/2025\/Slides_DE\/AGO_2025D_03_Frueherkennung_und_Diagnostik.pdf (last accessed on 3 April 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulte-Vorwick FRM: Versorgungsrealit\u00e4t des Mammakarzinoms beim Mann: 10 Jahres-Analyse an zwei Brustzentren. www.edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/31945\/6\/Schulte-Vorwick_Felicitas.pdf (last accessed on 27 October 2023)","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1347672"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cloyd JM, Hernandez-Boussard T, Wapnir IL: Outcomes of partial mastectomy in male breast cancer patients: Analysis of SEER, 1983\u20132009. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20: 1545\u201350","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-2918-5"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bateni SB, Perry LM, Zhao X, et al.: The role of radiation therapy in addition to lumpectomy and hormone therapy in men 70 years of age and older with early breast cancer: A NCDB analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28: 2463\u201371","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-09242-7"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arzanova E, Mayrovitz HN: Male breast cancer: Treatment trends, reported outcomes, and suggested recommendations. Cureus 2021; 13: e18337","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18337"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref57","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie e.V. Empfehlungen gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie Kommission Mamma. www.ago2025.de\/fileadmin\/2025\/Slides_DE\/AGO_2025D_15_Brustkrebs_Spezielle_Situationen.pdf (last accessed on 3 April 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mar\u00e1z R, Boross G, Pap-Szekeres J, et al.: The role of sentinel node biopsy in male breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2016; 23: 85\u201391","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-014-0535-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref59","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie e.V. Empfehlungen gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie Kommission Mamma. www.ago2025.de\/download-empfehlungen\/download-empfehlungen-2022-3-1-1-1 (last accessed on 3 April 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnston SRD, Harbeck N, Hegg R, et al.: Abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy for the adjuvant treatment of HR+, HER2&#8722;, node-positive, high-risk, early breast cancer (monarchE). J Clin Oncol 2020; 38: 3987\u201398","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.02514"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slamon D, Lipatov O, Nowecki Z, et al.: Ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2024; 390: 1080\u201391","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2305488"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmid P, Cortes J, Pusztai L, et al.: Pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 810\u201321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910549"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tutt ANJ, Garber JE, Kaufman B, et al.: Adjuvant olaparib for patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2021; 384: 2394\u20132405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105215"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giordano SH, Perkins GH, Broglio K, et al.: Adjuvant systemic therapy for male breast carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 104: 2359\u201364","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21526"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hesse A, Hester A, K\u00f6nig A, et al.: Management des Mammakarzinoms beim Mann. InFo H\u00e4matol Onkol 2020; 23: 35\u201342","DOI":"10.1007\/s15004-020-7991-x"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071_ref66","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie e.V. Empfehlungen gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie Kommission Mamma. www.ago2025.de\/fileadmin\/2025\/Slides_DE\/AGO_2025D_16_Nachsorge.pdf (last accessed on 3 April 2025)."}],"container-title":["Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt international"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T10:54:18Z","timestamp":1752836058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-0452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-0452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]}}}