{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T08:40:09Z","timestamp":1751532009639,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T08:10:36Z","timestamp":1751530236000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Achievements and obstacles in the late phase of the global polio eradication initiative"],"prefix":"10.3238","author":[{"given":"Olaf","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenz von","family":"Seidlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albrecht","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Razum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11437","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins DR: Disease eradication. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 54–63.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1200391"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref2","unstructured":"M\u00fcller O: Internationale Gesundheit: Vision einer Welt ohne Malaria. Dtsch Arztebl 2009; 106: 807–8."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razum O, Sridhar D, Jahn A, Zaidi S, Ooms G, M\u00fcller O: Polio: From eradication to systematic, sustained control. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4: e001633.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001633"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modlin JF: The bumpy road to polio eradication. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2346–9.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1005405"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minor PD: The polio-eradication programme and issues of the end game. J Gen Virol 2012; 93: 457–74.","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.036988-0"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wanke AT, Bruns F: Die Impfaktion gegen Poliomyelitis in der DDR im Jahr 1960 am Beispiel der Stadt Halle (Saale): Historische Erfahrungen und Probleme. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65: 718–24.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-022-03538-7"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John TJ, Dharmapalan D, Hirschhorn N, Steinglass R: How to avoid causing polio in the name of its eradication. Lancet 2023; 402: 179–80.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01069-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet: Polio eradication: falling at the final hurdle? Lancet 2022; 400: 1079.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01875-X"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref9","unstructured":"TIMB: Polio Transition Independent Monitoring Board. Sixth report: Ambiguities and certainties. 2023. https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/polio-transition\/timb-6th-report---july-2023---final.pdf?sfvrsn=5522fcf8_3 (last accessed on 10 June 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chumakov K, Ehrenfeld E, Agol VI, Wimmer E: Polio eradication at the crossroads. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9: e1172–5.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00205-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kew O, Morris-Glasgow V, Landaverde M, et al.: Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Hispaniola associated with circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus. Science 2002; 296: 356–9.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068284"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper LV, Bandyopadhyay AS, Gumede N, et al.: Risk factors for the spread of vaccine-derived type 2 polioviruses after global withdrawal of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and the effects of outbreak responses with monovalent vaccine: A retrospective analysis of surveillance data for 51 countries in Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22: 284–94.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00453-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts L: Polio eradication campaign loses ground. Science 2019; 365: 106–7.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.365.6449.106"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref14","unstructured":"GPEI: Polio eradication strategy 2022–2026: delivering on a promise, extension to 2029. Geneva 2024. https:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/GPEI-Strategy-extension-20241113.pdf (last accessed on 26 March 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay AS, Zipursky S: A novel tool to eradicate an ancient scourge: The novel oral polio vaccine type 2 story. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23: e67–71.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00582-5"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett ADT: Polio endgame finish is in sight. Nature 2023; 619: 36–8.","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-01773-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirzoev A, Macklin GR, Zhang Y, et al.: Assessment of serological responses following vaccination campaigns with type 2 novel oral polio vaccine: A population-based study in Tajikistan in 2021. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10: e1807–14.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00412-0"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bashorun AO, Kotei L, Jawla O, et al.: Tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity of the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 in children aged 6 weeks to 59 months in an outbreak response campaign in the Gambia: An observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24: 417–26.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00631-X"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faye M, Fernandez-Garcia MD: The oral poliovirus vaccine—a solution and a concern for eradication. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24: 336–7.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00680-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref20","unstructured":"IMB GPEI: Independent Monitoring Board GPEI. 22. Report: Closing in on Zero. 2023. https:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/22nd-Report-of-The-Independent-Monitoring-Board-IMB.pdf (last accessed on 10 February 2024)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA: The long last mile in global poliovirus eradication: What should Pakistan do? Lancet 2025; S0140–6736(25)00007–8.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00007-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bigouette JP, Henderson E, Traor\u00e9 MA, et al.: Update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks—worldwide, January 2021-December 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72: 366–71.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7214a3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budhia DM, Jaiswal A, Prasad R, Yelne S, Wanjari MB: From polio to COVID-19: Examining the impact of pandemics on childhood vaccination programs. Cureus 2023; 15: e39460.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39460"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burkholder B, Wadood Z, Kassem AM, Ehrhardt D, Zomahoun D: The immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on polio immunization and surveillance activities. Vaccine 2023; 41 Suppl 1: A2–11.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.10.028"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref25","unstructured":"GPEI: Polio news August\/September 2024. 2024. https:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/polio-news-august-september2024-en.pdf (last accessed on 12 September 2024)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref26","unstructured":"Roberts L: Polio is back in rich countries, but it poses a far bigger threat to developing world. New York state has declared an emergency, yet scientists say a big U.S. outbreak is unlikely. Science 2022; 377: 1247–8."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortner R: Polio in New York: Will it just go away? BMJ 2022; 379: o2450.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o2450"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estivariz CF, Kovacs SD, Mach O: Review of use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in campaigns to control type 2 circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks. Vaccine 2023; 41 Suppl 1: A113–21.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.03.027"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duizer E, Ruijs WL, Putri Hintaran AD, Hafkamp MC, van der Veer M, Te Wierik MJ: Wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3)-shedding event following detection in environmental surveillance of poliovirus essential facilities, the Netherlands, November 2022 to January 2023. Euro Surveill 2023; 28: 2300049.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.5.2300049"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref30","unstructured":"RKI: Empfehlungen der St\u00e4ndigen Impfkommission beim Robert Koch-Institut 2024. Epi Bull 2024; 4: 1–72."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref31","unstructured":"Leonhardt I, St\u00fcck B, Fescharek R, Arras-Reiter C, Schmitt HJ: Neue Impfstrategie gegen Poliomyelitis. Dtsch Arztebl 1997; 94: A2736–41."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendi-Wagner P, Kluge H: Poliovirus detections in Europe—urgent action needed to keep Europe polio-free. Euro Surveill 2025; 30: 2500076.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500076"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref33","unstructured":"Robert KI: Hinweis auf Schluckimpfstoff-abgeleitete Polioviren in Abwasserproben an mehreren Orten in Deutschland. Epid Bull 2024; 48: 21–2."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref34","unstructured":"RKI: Impfquoten von Kinderschutzimpfungen in Deutschland. Epi Bull 2022; 48: 1–72."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref35","unstructured":"Kling K, Keeren K, Diedrich S: Medizinreport: Polioimpfung nicht vergessen. Dtsch Arztebl 2022; 119: A1860–2."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref36","unstructured":"Rieck T, Badenschier F, Rau C: Poliomyelitis-Impfquoten bei Kindern in Deutschland. Epid Bull 2024; 50: 11–6."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref37","unstructured":"Robert Koch-Institut: VacMap – Dashboard zum Impfgeschehen in Deutschland. 2024. www.rki.de\/DE\/Themen\/Infektionskrankheiten\/Impfen\/Impfquoten\/VacMap\/vacmap.html (last accessed on 15 February 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chumakov K, Brechot C, Gallo RC, Plotkin S: Choosing the right path toward polio eradication. N Engl J Med 2023; 388: 577–9.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2215257"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razum O, Voss M: Polio transition: Overlooked challenges. Lancet 2018; 391: 1353–4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30503-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts L: Global polio eradication falters in the final stretch. Science 2020; 367: 14–5.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.367.6473.14"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore ZS, Seward JF, Lane JM: Smallpox. Lancet 2006; 367: 425–35.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68143-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemma GW, M\u00fcller O, Re\u00f1osa MD, Lu G: Challenges in the last mile of the global guinea worm eradication program. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25: 1432–40.","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13492"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref43","unstructured":"Senegal J: Poliomyelitis in Deutschland, 1910–2020. Wikipedia. https:\/\/de.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datei:Polio_in_Deutschland_1910-2018.svg (last accessed on 13 April 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref44","unstructured":"M\u00fcller O, Becher H: Internationale Gesundheit: Unspezifische Effekte von Impfungen. Dtsch Arztebl 2015; 112: A1666–8."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref45","unstructured":"Roser M: The global fight against polio — how far have we come? Our world in data 2024. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/global-fight-polio (last accessed on 28 May 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay AS, Cooper LV, Zipursky S: One billion doses and WHO prequalification of nOPV2: Implications for the global polio situation and beyond. PLOS Glob Public Health 2024; 4: e0002920.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002920"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez M, Akbar IE, Wadood MZ, Shukla H, Jorba J, Ehrhardt D: Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication—Afghanistan, January 2019-July 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 1464–8.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6940a3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mbaeyi C, Baig S, Khan Z, et al.: Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication—Pakistan, January 2020-July 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70: 1359–64.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7039a1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebre T: Rethinking disease eradication: Putting countries first. Int Health 2021; 13: 215–21.","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihab011"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann M, Hagedorn B, Lyons H: Projection of costs of polio eradication compared to permanent control. J Infect Dis 2020; 221: 561–5.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz488"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref51","unstructured":"WHO: Information note on the budgetary aspects of polio eradication and polio transition. 2019."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson KM, Kalkowska DA: An updated economic analysis of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Risk Anal 2021; 41: 393–406.","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13665"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref53","unstructured":"Nolen S: U.S. terminates funding for polio, H.I.V., malaria and nutrition programs around the world. The New York Times 2025."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref54","unstructured":"Dattani S, Spooner F, Ochmann S, Roser M: Polio. Our world in data 2024. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/polio (last accessed on 13 April 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins DR: Disease eradication. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 54–63.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1200391"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref56","unstructured":"M\u00fcller O: Internationale Gesundheit: Vision einer Welt ohne Malaria. Dtsch Arztebl 2009; 106: 807–8."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razum O, Sridhar D, Jahn A, Zaidi S, Ooms G, M\u00fcller O: Polio: From eradication to systematic, sustained control. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4: e001633.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001633"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modlin JF: The bumpy road to polio eradication. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2346–9.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1005405"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minor PD: The polio-eradication programme and issues of the end game. J Gen Virol 2012; 93: 457–74.","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.036988-0"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wanke AT, Bruns F: Die Impfaktion gegen Poliomyelitis in der DDR im Jahr 1960 am Beispiel der Stadt Halle (Saale): Historische Erfahrungen und Probleme. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65: 718–24.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-022-03538-7"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John TJ, Dharmapalan D, Hirschhorn N, Steinglass R: How to avoid causing polio in the name of its eradication. Lancet 2023; 402: 179–80.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01069-3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet: Polio eradication: falling at the final hurdle? Lancet 2022; 400: 1079.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01875-X"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref63","unstructured":"TIMB: Polio Transition Independent Monitoring Board. Sixth report: Ambiguities and certainties. 2023. https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/polio-transition\/timb-6th-report---july-2023---final.pdf?sfvrsn=5522fcf8_3 (last accessed on 10 June 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chumakov K, Ehrenfeld E, Agol VI, Wimmer E: Polio eradication at the crossroads. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9: e1172–5.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00205-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kew O, Morris-Glasgow V, Landaverde M, et al.: Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Hispaniola associated with circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus. Science 2002; 296: 356–9.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068284"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper LV, Bandyopadhyay AS, Gumede N, et al.: Risk factors for the spread of vaccine-derived type 2 polioviruses after global withdrawal of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and the effects of outbreak responses with monovalent vaccine: A retrospective analysis of surveillance data for 51 countries in Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22: 284–94.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00453-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts L: Polio eradication campaign loses ground. Science 2019; 365: 106–7.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.365.6449.106"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref68","unstructured":"GPEI: Polio eradication strategy 2022–2026: delivering on a promise, extension to 2029. Geneva 2024. https:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/GPEI-Strategy-extension-20241113.pdf (last accessed on 26 March 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay AS, Zipursky S: A novel tool to eradicate an ancient scourge: The novel oral polio vaccine type 2 story. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23: e67–71.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00582-5"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett ADT: Polio endgame finish is in sight. Nature 2023; 619: 36–8.","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-01773-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirzoev A, Macklin GR, Zhang Y, et al.: Assessment of serological responses following vaccination campaigns with type 2 novel oral polio vaccine: A population-based study in Tajikistan in 2021. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10: e1807–14.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00412-0"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bashorun AO, Kotei L, Jawla O, et al.: Tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity of the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 in children aged 6 weeks to 59 months in an outbreak response campaign in the Gambia: An observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24: 417–26.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00631-X"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faye M, Fernandez-Garcia MD: The oral poliovirus vaccine—a solution and a concern for eradication. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24: 336–7.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00680-1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref74","unstructured":"IMB GPEI: Independent Monitoring Board GPEI. 22. Report: Closing in on Zero. 2023. https:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/22nd-Report-of-The-Independent-Monitoring-Board-IMB.pdf (last accessed on 10 February 2024)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA: The long last mile in global poliovirus eradication: What should Pakistan do? Lancet 2025; S0140–6736(25)00007–8.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00007-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bigouette JP, Henderson E, Traor\u00e9 MA, et al.: Update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks—worldwide, January 2021-December 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72: 366–71.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7214a3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budhia DM, Jaiswal A, Prasad R, Yelne S, Wanjari MB: From polio to COVID-19: Examining the impact of pandemics on childhood vaccination programs. Cureus 2023; 15: e39460.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39460"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burkholder B, Wadood Z, Kassem AM, Ehrhardt D, Zomahoun D: The immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on polio immunization and surveillance activities. Vaccine 2023; 41 Suppl 1: A2–11.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.10.028"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref79","unstructured":"GPEI: Polio news August\/September 2024. 2024. https:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/polio-news-august-september2024-en.pdf (last accessed on 12 September 2024)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref80","unstructured":"Roberts L: Polio is back in rich countries, but it poses a far bigger threat to developing world. New York state has declared an emergency, yet scientists say a big U.S. outbreak is unlikely. Science 2022; 377: 1247–8."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortner R: Polio in New York: Will it just go away? BMJ 2022; 379: o2450.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o2450"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estivariz CF, Kovacs SD, Mach O: Review of use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in campaigns to control type 2 circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks. Vaccine 2023; 41 Suppl 1: A113–21.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.03.027"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duizer E, Ruijs WL, Putri Hintaran AD, Hafkamp MC, van der Veer M, Te Wierik MJ: Wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3)-shedding event following detection in environmental surveillance of poliovirus essential facilities, the Netherlands, November 2022 to January 2023. Euro Surveill 2023; 28: 2300049.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.5.2300049"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref84","unstructured":"RKI: Empfehlungen der St\u00e4ndigen Impfkommission beim Robert Koch-Institut 2024. Epi Bull 2024; 4: 1–72."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref85","unstructured":"Leonhardt I, St\u00fcck B, Fescharek R, Arras-Reiter C, Schmitt HJ: Neue Impfstrategie gegen Poliomyelitis. Dtsch Arztebl 1997; 94: A2736–41."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendi-Wagner P, Kluge H: Poliovirus detections in Europe—urgent action needed to keep Europe polio-free. Euro Surveill 2025; 30: 2500076.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.4.2500076"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref87","unstructured":"Robert KI: Hinweis auf Schluckimpfstoff-abgeleitete Polioviren in Abwasserproben an mehreren Orten in Deutschland. Epid Bull 2024; 48: 21–2."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref88","unstructured":"RKI: Impfquoten von Kinderschutzimpfungen in Deutschland. Epi Bull 2022; 48: 1–72."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref89","unstructured":"Kling K, Keeren K, Diedrich S: Medizinreport: Polioimpfung nicht vergessen. Dtsch Arztebl 2022; 119: A1860–2."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref90","unstructured":"Rieck T, Badenschier F, Rau C: Poliomyelitis-Impfquoten bei Kindern in Deutschland. Epid Bull 2024; 50: 11–6."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref91","unstructured":"Robert Koch-Institut: VacMap – Dashboard zum Impfgeschehen in Deutschland. 2024. www.rki.de\/DE\/Themen\/Infektionskrankheiten\/Impfen\/Impfquoten\/VacMap\/vacmap.html (last accessed on 15 February 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chumakov K, Brechot C, Gallo RC, Plotkin S: Choosing the right path toward polio eradication. N Engl J Med 2023; 388: 577–9.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2215257"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razum O, Voss M: Polio transition: Overlooked challenges. Lancet 2018; 391: 1353–4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30503-8"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts L: Global polio eradication falters in the final stretch. Science 2020; 367: 14–5.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.367.6473.14"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore ZS, Seward JF, Lane JM: Smallpox. Lancet 2006; 367: 425–35.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68143-9"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemma GW, M\u00fcller O, Re\u00f1osa MD, Lu G: Challenges in the last mile of the global guinea worm eradication program. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25: 1432–40.","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13492"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref97","unstructured":"Senegal J: Poliomyelitis in Deutschland, 1910–2020. Wikipedia. https:\/\/de.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datei:Polio_in_Deutschland_1910-2018.svg (last accessed on 13 April 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref98","unstructured":"M\u00fcller O, Becher H: Internationale Gesundheit: Unspezifische Effekte von Impfungen. Dtsch Arztebl 2015; 112: A1666–8."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref99","unstructured":"Roser M: The global fight against polio — how far have we come? Our world in data 2024. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/global-fight-polio (last accessed on 28 May 2025)."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay AS, Cooper LV, Zipursky S: One billion doses and WHO prequalification of nOPV2: Implications for the global polio situation and beyond. PLOS Glob Public Health 2024; 4: e0002920.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002920"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez M, Akbar IE, Wadood MZ, Shukla H, Jorba J, Ehrhardt D: Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication—Afghanistan, January 2019-July 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 1464–8.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6940a3"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mbaeyi C, Baig S, Khan Z, et al.: Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication—Pakistan, January 2020-July 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70: 1359–64.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7039a1"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebre T: Rethinking disease eradication: Putting countries first. Int Health 2021; 13: 215–21.","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihab011"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann M, Hagedorn B, Lyons H: Projection of costs of polio eradication compared to permanent control. J Infect Dis 2020; 221: 561–5.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz488"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref105","unstructured":"WHO: Information note on the budgetary aspects of polio eradication and polio transition. 2019."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson KM, Kalkowska DA: An updated economic analysis of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Risk Anal 2021; 41: 393–406.","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13665"},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref107","unstructured":"Nolen S: U.S. terminates funding for polio, H.I.V., malaria and nutrition programs around the world. The New York Times 2025."},{"key":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079_ref108","unstructured":"Dattani S, Spooner F, Ochmann S, Roser M: Polio. Our world in data 2024. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/polio (last accessed on 13 April 2025)."}],"container-title":["Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt international"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T08:11:18Z","timestamp":1751530278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"references-count":108,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0079","relation":{},"ISSN":["1866-0452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1866-0452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]}}}