{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Qeios"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T02:00:20Z","timestamp":1772244020009,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Qeios Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study offers a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research in economics published throughout the first quarter of the twenty-first century (from the year 2000 to the end of 2024). To undertake the endeavor, every article published in each of seven selected top journals in the field has been classified according to a pre-specified list of one hundred keywords. Three keywords selected from the list were assigned to each article, given the subjects they cover and the methods of analysis they employ. The proposed exercise reveals a widely diversified science, which touches every aspect of human decision-making and human interaction, at every imaginable scale and regardless of geography. It is also a science that looks at the past to understand the future, and a body of knowledge capable of reinventing itself in the face of the evolution of society. Much more than before, economics deals today with such themes as income inequality, climate change, healthcare, education, and gender and race issues; while maintaining a close look at traditional micro and macro topics, such as market competition or business fluctuations. Methodologically, a gradual revolution has taken place, with natural experiments progressively becoming a fundamental tool of economic inquiry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32388\/ka9fg2","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T15:24:11Z","timestamp":1741879451000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Economics Research in the Twenty-First Century \u2014 25 Years of Scientific Breakthroughs"],"prefix":"10.32388","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-8736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orlando","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"17262","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beraja M, Kao A, Yang DY, Yuchtman N (2023). \"AI-tocracy.\" Quarterly Journal of Economics. 138(3): 1349-1402.","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjad012"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matranga A (2024). \u201cThe Ant and the Grasshopper: Seasonality and the Invention of Agriculture.\u201d Quarterly Journal of Economics. 139(3): 1467-1504.","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjae012"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acemoglu D, Johnson S, Robinson JA (2001). \"The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: an Empirical Investigation.\" American Economic Review. 91(5): 1369-1401.","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.91.5.1369"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunn N (2008). \u201cThe Long-term Effects of Africa\u2019s Slave Trades.\u201d Quarterly Journal of Economics. 123(1): 139-176.","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.2008.123.1.139"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohanian LE (2001). \u201cWhy Did Productivity Fall So Much during the Great Depression?\u201d American Economic Review. 91(2): 34-38.","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.91.2.34"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doepke M, Hazan M, Maoz YD (2015). \u201cThe Baby Boom and World War II: a Macroeconomic Analysis.\u201d Review of Economic Studies. 82(3): 1031-1073.","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdv010"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alesina A, Fuchs-Schundeln N (2007). \"Good-bye Lenin (or Not?): the Effect of Communism on People\u2019s Preferences.\" American Economic Review. 97(4): 1507-1528.","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.97.4.1507"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer S (2003). \u201cGlobalization and Its Challenges.\u201d American Economic Review. 93(2): 1-30.","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803321946750"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravallion M (2018). \u201cInequality and Globalization: a Review Essay.\u201d Journal of Economic Literature. 56(2): 620-642.","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.20171419"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossman G, Helpman H (2015). \u201cGlobalization and Growth.\u201d American Economic Review. 105(5): 100-104.","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.p20151068"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiglitz JE (2010). \u201cRisk and Global Economic Architecture: Why Full Financial Integration May Be Undesirable.\u201d American Economic Review. 100(2): 388-392.","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.100.2.388"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acemoglu D, Yarred P (2010). \"Political Limits to Globalization.\" American Economic Review. 100(2): 83-88.","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.100.2.83"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tol RSJ (2009). \"The Economic Effects of Climate Change.\" Journal of Economic Perspectives. 23 (2): 29-51.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.23.2.29"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordhaus W (2015). \u201cClimate Clubs: Overcoming Free-Riding in International Climate Policy.\u201d American Economic Review. 105(4): 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(2018). \"Growth through Heterogeneous Innovations.\" Journal of Political Economy. 126(4): 1374-1443.","DOI":"10.1086\/697901"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones CI (2022). \u201cThe End of Economic Growth? 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65-90.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.26.2.65"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antr\u00e0s P, Helpman E (2004). \"Global Sourcing.\" Journal of Political Economy. 112(3): 552-580.","DOI":"10.1086\/383099"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen T, Arkolakis C (2023). \"Economic Activity across Space: a Supply and Demand Approach.\" Journal of Economic Perspectives. 37(2): 3-28.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.37.2.3"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodfriend M (2007). \u201cHow the World Achieved Consensus on Monetary Policy.\u201d Journal of Economic Perspectives. 21(4): 47-68.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.21.4.47"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kehoe PJ, Midrigan V, Pastorino E (2018). \u201cEvolution of Modern Business Cycle Models: Accounting for the Great Recession.\u201d Journal of Economic Perspectives. 32(3): 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3-20.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.27.3.3"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piketty T (2015). \u201cPutting Distribution Back at the Center of Economics: Reflections on Capital in the Twenty-First Century.\u201d Journal of Economic Perspectives. 29(1): 67-88.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.29.1.67"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acemoglu D, Restrepo P (2022). \"Tasks, Automation, and the Rise in US Wage Inequality.\" Econometrica. 90(5): 1973-2016.","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA19815"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghion P, Akcigit U, Bergeaud A, Blundell R, Hemous D (2019). \"Innovation and Top Income Inequality.\" Review of Economic Studies. 86(1): 1-45.","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdy027"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mankiw NG (2013). \u201cDefending the One Percent.\u201d Journal of Economic Perspectives. 27(3): 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The Political Gender Gap and the Decline in Marriage.\u201d Quarterly Journal of Economics. 117(3): 917-961.","DOI":"10.1162\/003355302760193922"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alesina A, Piccolo S, Pinotti P (2019). \"Organized Crime, Violence, and Politics.\" Review of Economic Studies. 86(2): 457-499.","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdy036"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamond P, Saez E (2011). \u201cThe Case for a Progressive Tax: From Basic Research to Policy Recommendations.\u201d Journal of Economic Perspectives. 25(4): 165-190.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.25.4.165"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neve JE, Imbert C, Spinnewwijn J, Tsankova T, Luts M (2021). \u201cHow to Improve Tax Compliance? 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