{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:33:10Z","timestamp":1773282790050,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Przegl Epidemiol"],"abstract":"<p>ABSTRACT<\/p>\n<p>INTRODUCTION. Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism, which is able to colonize the human body without\u00a0any pathogenic effect, but it also can cause life-threatening infections (opportunistic pathogen). Asymptomatic\u00a0colonization with both methicillin resistant (MRSA) and methicillin susceptible (MSSA) S.aureus strains state\u00a0is an important predisposing factor for infections. The risk of infection for carriers of MSSA is even three-times\u00a0higher than for non-colonized people, and in the case of MRSA it is even four-times higher than in MSSA\u00a0carriers. Carriers can be also a source of infection for other people, especially those belonging to high-risk\u00a0groups. The drug of choice used for the local eradication of S.aureus is mupirocin (Mup). In recent years, the\u00a0failure of decolonization therapy has been observed. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the level of\u00a0colonization of S.aureus (MRSA or MSSA) among medical students and to evaluate the sensitivity of the strains\u00a0to mupirocin. For MRSA\/MupRSA isolates the molecular mechanism of resistance phenotype was determined.<br \/>MATERIALS AND METHODS. 955 swabs from 2014-2016 from pre-clinical students of medicine of the\u00a0Medical University of Warsaw. The strains were identified using Pastorex-Staph-Plus (BioRad) and\/or the\u00a0VITEK-MS system (Biomerieux), according to manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Susceptibility to methicillin and\u00a0mupirocin was determined by disk diffusion and\/or broth microdilution method, according to EUCAST. The\u00a0presence of the mecA\/mecC and mupA genes were detected with PCR technique.<br \/>RESULTS. Asymptomatic colonization with S.aureus strains was found in 245\/955 (25,7%) students, in\u00a0particular years in the range of 21,7-29,9%. 243 isolates expressed the MSSA\/MupSSA phenotype, one strain\u00a0was resistant to mupirocin MSSA\/MupRSA (genotype mecA\/mecC-negative, mupA-positive) and one showed\u00a0simultaneous resistance to methicillin and mupirocin (mecA\/mupA-positive genotype). The level of MRSA and\u00a0MupRSA colonization was 0,1% and 0,2%, respectively.<br \/>SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. The level of S.aureus colonization among surveyed students, didn\u2019t\u00a0differ from the norm for a generally healthy population, but showed an upward trend. The carriage of S.aureus,\u00a0especially of multi-resistant strains among medical students at the beginning of their clinical activities, consist\u00a0of a real threat to patients and other people.<\/p>\n<p>STRESZCZENIE<\/p>\n<p>WPROWADZENIE. Staphylococcus aureus jest drobnoustrojem, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017ce bezobjawowo kolonizowa\u0107 cz\u0142owieka,\u00a0ale mo\u017ce r\u00f3wnie\u017c wywo\u0142ywa\u0107 zagra\u017caj\u0105ce \u017cyciu zaka\u017cenia (patogen oportunistyczny). Bezobjawowa\u00a0kolonizacja zar\u00f3wno wariantami meticylino-opornymi (MRSA), jak i wra\u017cliwymi (MSSA) stanowi istotny\u00a0czynnik predysponuj\u0105cy do zaka\u017ce\u0144. Ryzyko infekcji u nosicieli MSSA jest nawet trzykrotnie wy\u017csze w por\u00f3wnaniu\u00a0do os\u00f3b nieskolonizowanych, a w przypadku MRSA nawet czterokrotnie wy\u017csze w por\u00f3wnaniu do\u00a0nosicieli MSSA. Nosiciele mog\u0105 stanowi\u0107 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o zaka\u017cenia dla innych os\u00f3b, zw\u0142aszcza nale\u017c\u0105cych do grup podwy\u017cszonego\u00a0ryzyka. Lekiem z wyboru stosowanym do miejscowej eradykacji S.aureus jest mupirocyna (Mup).\u00a0W ostatnich latach coraz cz\u0119\u015bciej obserwuje si\u0119 niepowodzenia terapii dekolonizacyjnej. Celem bada\u0144 by\u0142a ocena\u00a0oraz por\u00f3wnanie poziomu kolonizacji S.aureus (MSSA lub MRSA) w\u015br\u00f3d student\u00f3w medycyny oraz ocena\u00a0wra\u017cliwo\u015bci wyizolowanych szczep\u00f3w na mupirocyn\u0119. Dla MRSA\/MupRSA okre\u015blono mechanizm molekularny\u00a0determinuj\u0105cy fenotyp oporno\u015bci.<br \/>MATERIA\u0141Y I METODY. 955 wymaz\u00f3w z lat 2014-2016 od student\u00f3w przedklinicznych kierunku lekarskiego\u00a0WUM. Szczepy identyfikowano przy u\u017cyciu Pastorex-Staph-Plus (BioRad) i\/lub systemu VITEK-MS\u00a0(Biomerieux), zgodnie z instrukcj\u0105 producenta. Wra\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 na meticylin\u0119 oraz mupirocyn\u0119 okre\u015blano metod\u0105\u00a0dyfuzyjno-kr\u0105\u017ckow\u0105 i\/lub mikro-rozcie\u0144cze\u0144 w pod\u0142o\u017cu p\u0142ynnym, wg EUCAST. Geny mecA\/mecC oraz mupA\u00a0wykrywano przy u\u017cyciu techniki PCR.<br \/>WYNIKI. Bezobjawow\u0105 kolonizacj\u0119 szczepami S.aureus stwierdzono u 245\/955 (25,7%) os\u00f3b, w poszczeg\u00f3lnych\u00a0latach w zakresie 21,7-29,9%. 243 izolaty wykazywa\u0142y fenotyp MSSA\/MupSSA, jeden szczep wykazywa\u0142\u00a0oporno\u015b\u0107 na mupirocyn\u0119 MSSA\/MupRSA (genotyp mecA\/mecC-negatywny, mupA-pozytywny) i jeden\u00a0wykazywa\u0142 jednoczesn\u0105 oporno\u015b\u0107 na meticylin\u0119 oraz mupirocyn\u0119 (genotyp mecA\/mupA-pozytywny). Poziom\u00a0kolonizacji MRSA oraz MupRSA wynosi\u0142 odpowiednio 0,1% oraz 0,2%.<br \/>PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI. Poziom kolonizacji S.aureus w\u015br\u00f3d badanych student\u00f3w nie odbiega\u0142 od\u00a0normy dla populacji og\u00f3lnie zdrowej, ale wykazywa\u0142 tendencj\u0119 wzrostow\u0105. Nosicielstwo S.aureus, a zw\u0142aszcza\u00a0wieloleko-opornych szczep\u00f3w w\u015br\u00f3d student\u00f3w medycyny rozpoczynaj\u0105cych zaj\u0119cia kliniczne, jest realnym\u00a0zagro\u017ceniem dla pacjent\u00f3w oraz innych os\u00f3b z kontaktu.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/pe.73.05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T09:16:43Z","timestamp":1559035003000},"page":"39-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence of methicillin resistant and mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among medical students of Medical University in Warsaw"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Szymanek-Majchrzak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kosi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"\u017bak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Su\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"M\u0142ynarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"M\u0142ynarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"container-title":["Przeglad Epidemiologiczny"],"original-title":["Ocena wyst\u0119powania meticilino-opornych oraz mupirocyno-opornych szczep\u00f3w Staphylococcus aureus w\u015br&oa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-180863-101420","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-180863-101420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T08:47:43Z","timestamp":1709887663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/Prevalence-of-methicillin-resistant-and-mupirocin-resistant-Staphylococcus-aureus,180863,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"alternative-id":["180863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/pe.73.05","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2100","2545-1898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2100","type":"print"},{"value":"2545-1898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]}}}