{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T09:11:51Z","timestamp":1709889111227},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Przegl Epidemiol"],"abstract":"<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><br \/><strong>BACKGROUND.<\/strong> Pediatric patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk of\u00a0developing severe influenza. Vaccination against influenza in HIV (+) children in Poland is recommended and free\u00a0of charge. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in this group of patients.<br \/><strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS.<\/strong> The study group consisted of 25 HIV-infected children, patients of the\u00a0Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases in Wroc\u0142aw, vaccinated against influenza from September to\u00a0December 2016. The incidence of influenza and influenza-like diseases was monitored from December 1, 2016\u00a0to April 15, 2017. IgG \/ IgM against influenza A and B by ELISA and against AH1N1 by HI method before\u00a0vaccination and 4-6 weeks after vaccination were determined. Nasopharyngeal swabs of influenza RNA for\u00a0PCR testing were collected in each patient during each hospitalization in the epidemic season.<br \/><strong>RESULTS.<\/strong> In the 2016\/2017 epidemic season, none of the patients developed symptomatic influenza or any\u00a0other flu-like infection with fever. Influenza A virus RNA was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs in 8 patients,\u00a0none of them presented any clinical symptoms of infection. Positive pre-vaccination IgG levels against influenza\u00a0A and B were detected in 36% (9\/25) and 68% (17\/25) of patients, respectively. After vaccination, positive\u00a0concentrations were found in 56% (14\/25) and 80% (20\/25) of patients, respectively. Positive concentration of\u00a0IgM antibodies was achieved by 60% (15\/25) of the respondents - for influenza A and 52% (13\/25) - for influenza\u00a0B. In 11 patients (45.8%) before vaccination, protective titres of antibodies against H1 haemagglutinin were\u00a0obtained, after the vaccination the proportion of patients with a protective titer was 52.4%.<br \/><strong>CONCLUSIONS.<\/strong> Influenza vaccination in HIV-infected children is effective in preventing symptomatic\u00a0influenza virus infection but does not prevent transmission of infection in the population. Annual influenza\u00a0vaccination and seasonal natural infections with influenza viruses result in the persistence of measurable\u00a0antibody levels until the next epidemic season.<\/p>\n<p><strong>STRESZCZENIE<\/strong><br \/><strong>WST\u0118P.<\/strong> Pediatryczni pacjenci zaka\u017ceni ludzkim wirusem upo\u015bledzenia odporno\u015bci (HIV) nale\u017c\u0105 do grupy\u00a0ryzyka ci\u0119\u017ckiego przebiegu grypy. Szczepienia przeciw grypie dzieci HIV(+) w Polsce s\u0105 zalecanie i bezp\u0142atne.<br \/>Celem badania by\u0142a ocena skuteczno\u015bci szczepienia przeciw grypie w tej grupie pacjent\u00f3w.<br \/><strong>MATERIA\u0141 I METODY.<\/strong> Badano 25 dzieci zaka\u017conych HIV, pacjent\u00f3w Kliniki Pediatrii i Chor\u00f3b Infekcyjnych\u00a0we Wroc\u0142awiu, zaszczepionych przeciw grypie od IX do XII 2016 r. Monitorowano zachorowalno\u015b\u0107 na gryp\u0119\u00a0i choroby grypopodobne od 01 XII 2016 do 15 IV 2017. Oznaczono IgG\/IgM przeciwko wirusom grypy A i B\u00a0metod\u0105 ELISA oraz przeciwko AH1N1 metod\u0105 ZH przed szczepieniem oraz 4-6 tygodni po szczepieniu.<br \/>U ka\u017cdego pacjenta, przy okazji ka\u017cdej wizyty w klinice w sezonie epidemicznym pobierano wymazy na\u00a0badanie PCR RNA.<br \/><strong>WYNIKI.<\/strong> W sezonie epidemicznym 2016\/17 \u017caden z pacjent\u00f3w nie zachorowa\u0142 na objawow\u0105 na gryp\u0119 ani inn\u0105\u00a0infekcj\u0119 grypopodobn\u0105 z gor\u0105czk\u0105. W wymazach z nosogard\u0142a u 8 pacjent\u00f3w wykryto RNA wirusa grypy A,\u00a0\u017caden z nich nie prezentowa\u0142 objaw\u00f3w klinicznych infekcji. Dodatnie st\u0119\u017cenia IgG przeciwko grypie A i B przed\u00a0szczepieniem wykryto odpowiednio u 36% (9\/25) i 68% (17\/25) pacjent\u00f3w. Po szczepieniu dodatnie st\u0119\u017cenia\u00a0wykaza\u0142o odpowiednio u 56% (14\/25) i 80% (20\/25) pacjent\u00f3w. Dodatnie st\u0119\u017cenie przeciwcia\u0142 w klasie IgM\u00a0uzyska\u0142o 60% (15\/25) badanych \u2013 dla grypy A i 52% (13\/25) \u2013 dla grypy B. U 11 pacjent\u00f3w (45,8%) przed\u00a0szczepieniem wykazano ochronne miano przeciwcia\u0142 przeciwko hemaglutyninie H1, po szczepieniu odsetek\u00a0pacjent\u00f3w z ochronnym mianem wynosi\u0142 52,4%.<br \/><strong>WNIOSKI.<\/strong> Szczepienia przeciw grypie u dzieci zaka\u017conych HIV skutecznie zapobiegaj\u0105 objawowym\u00a0zaka\u017ceniom wirusami grypy, ale nie zapobiegaj\u0105 transmisji zaka\u017ce\u0144 w populacji. Coroczne szczepienia\u00a0przeciwko grypie i sezonowe zaka\u017cenia naturalne wirusami grypy skutkuj\u0105 utrzymywaniem si\u0119 oznaczalnych\u00a0st\u0119\u017ce\u0144 przeciwcia\u0142 do nast\u0119pnego sezonu epidemicznego.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/pe.74.58","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T13:24:41Z","timestamp":1619184281000},"page":"667-675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of vaccination against influenza in HIV-infected pediatric patients in the 2016-2017 epidemic season"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Tkaczyszyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Bazan\u00f3w","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Szenborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"container-title":["Przeglad Epidemiologiczny"],"original-title":["Skuteczno\u015b\u0107 szczepienia przeciw grypie u pediatrycznych pacjent\u00f3w zaka\u017conych HIV w sezonie epidemicznym 2016-2017"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-180972-101535","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-180972-101535","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T08:45:26Z","timestamp":1709887526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/Effectiveness-of-vaccination-against-influenza-in-HIV-infected-pediatric-patients,180972,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"alternative-id":["180972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/pe.74.58","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2100","2545-1898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2100","type":"print"},{"value":"2545-1898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]}}}