{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:23:52Z","timestamp":1789453432061,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Przegl Epidemiol"],"abstract":"<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><br \/><strong>INTRODUCTION.<\/strong> Meningitis and\/or encephalitis are one of the main infectious diseases of the nervous\u00a0system. These diseases are most commonly caused by bacterial and viral etiological factors. In this publication,\u00a0meningitis and\/or encephalitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus\u00a0influenzae and those with a viral origin \u2013 in Poland, most often caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus \u2013 are\u00a0presented in detail. In addition to epidemiological surveillance, immunoprophylaxis in the form of mandatory\u00a0and recommended vaccinations is used in Poland to prevent these infections.<br \/><strong>AIM OF THE STUDY.<\/strong> The aim of this study was to to assess the epidemiological situation of meningitis and\u00a0encephalitis in Poland, in 2020.<br \/><strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS.<\/strong> To analyse the epidemiological situation of neuroinfections in Poland were\u00a0used data sent to NIPH NIH \u2013 NRI by Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations and published in the\u00a0annual bulletins: \u201cInfectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2020\u201d and \u201cProtective vaccination in Poland\u00a0in 2020\u201d and individual epidemiological interviews registered in the EpiBaza system.<br \/><strong>RESULTS.<\/strong> In 2020, a total of 831 cases of meningitis and\/or encephalitis were registered in Poland. This is\u00a0a decrease in incidence of up to 62.9% compared to 2019. For infections of bacterial etiology, including cases\u00a0of neuroborreliosis (incidence of 2.40 per 100,000), the number of cases decreased by 60.4% (from 931 to 369).<br \/>In the viral infection group, there was a 64.9% decrease (from 1,318 to 462 cases). Of all registered cases, 56%\u00a0were infections with a viral etiology. Compared to 2019, the number of cases with an S. pneumoniae etiology\u00a0decreased by 61.3% and for N. meningitidis by 41.1%. It is interesting to note that, in the case of H. influenzae,\u00a0we can speak of a 20% increase in cases compared to the previous year. In addition, we can see a decrease in the\u00a0incidence of tick-borne encephalitis \u2013 from 265 in 2019 to 158 in 2020 (a decrease of 40.4%).<br \/><strong>SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.<\/strong> Overall, a downward trend in incidence was shown for both bacterial and\u00a0viral meningitis and\/or encephalitis. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the introduction of restrictions on personto-person contact and various forms of activity, resulting in a reduction in pathogen transmission, were key to\u00a0the significant reduction in the number of meningitis and\/or encephalitis cases in 2020, but a reduction in the\u00a0availability of medical facilities or the completeness of case reports due to the burden of anti-epidemic measures\u00a0on the Sanitary Inspectorate cannot be excluded either. Only in the case of cases caused by H. influenzae was\u00a0a slight increase observed compared to the previous year (12 versus 10 cases). Meningoencephalitis and\/or\u00a0encephalitis, due to its wide etiological range, poses a major challenge to the health care system, particularly in\u00a0terms of correct clinical diagnosis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>STRESZCZENIE<\/strong><br \/><strong>WST\u0118P.<\/strong> Zapalenia opon m\u00f3zgowo-rdzeniowych i\/lub m\u00f3zgu s\u0105 jednymi z g\u0142\u00f3wnych chor\u00f3b zaka\u017anych uk\u0142adu\u00a0nerwowego. Choroby te najcz\u0119\u015bciej spowodowane s\u0105 przez czynniki etiologiczne o charakterze bakteryjnym\u00a0oraz wirusowym. W opracowaniu szczeg\u00f3\u0142owo przedstawiono zapalenia opon m\u00f3zgowo-rdzeniowych i\/lub\u00a0m\u00f3zgu w 2020 r. wywo\u0142ane przez Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae\u00a0oraz o pod\u0142o\u017cu wirusowym \u2013 w Polsce, najcz\u0119\u015bciej wywo\u0142ywane przez wirus kleszczowego zapalenia m\u00f3zgu.<br \/>W celu zapobiegania tym zaka\u017ceniom stosowana jest immunoprofilaktyka w postaci szczepie\u0144 obowi\u0105zkowych\u00a0i zalecanych.<br \/><strong>CEL PRACY.<\/strong> Celem pracy by\u0142a ocena epidemiologiczna wyst\u0119powania zachorowa\u0144 na zapalenie opon m\u00f3zgowo-rdzeniowych i zapalenia m\u00f3zgu w Polsce, w 2020 r.<br \/><strong>MATERIA\u0141 I METODY.<\/strong> Do przeprowadzenia analizy sytuacji epidemiologicznej neuroinfekcji w Polsce wykorzystano\u00a0dane nadsy\u0142ane do NIZP PZH \u2013 PIB przez Wojew\u00f3dzkie Stacje Sanitarno-Epidemiologiczne i publikowane\u00a0w biuletynie rocznym: \u201eChoroby zaka\u017ane i zatrucia w Polsce w 2020 r.\u201d oraz \u201eSzczepienia ochronne\u00a0w Polsce w 2020 roku\u201d oraz indywidualne wywiady epidemiologiczne zarejestrowane w systemie EpiBaza.<br \/><strong>WYNIKI.<\/strong> W roku 2020, zarejestrowano w Polsce og\u00f3\u0142em 831 zachorowa\u0144 na zapalenie opon m\u00f3zgowo-rdzeniowych\u00a0i\/lub m\u00f3zgu. Jest to spadek zachorowa\u0144 a\u017c o 62,9% w por\u00f3wnaniu do 2019 r. W przypadku infekcji\u00a0o etiologii bakteryjnej, z uwzgl\u0119dnieniem przypadk\u00f3w neuroboreliozy (zapadalno\u015b\u0107 2,40 na 100 tys.) liczba\u00a0przypadk\u00f3w zmniejszy\u0142a si\u0119 o 60,4% (z 931 do 369). W grupie infekcji o pod\u0142o\u017cu wirusowym odnotowano spadek\u00a0o 64,9% (z 1 318 do 462 zachorowa\u0144). Spo\u015br\u00f3d wszystkich zarejestrowanych zachorowa\u0144, 56% stanowi\u0142y\u00a0infekcje o etiologii wirusowej. W por\u00f3wnaniu do 2019 r., liczba zachorowa\u0144 o etiologii S. pneumoniae spad\u0142a\u00a0o 61,3%, a w przypadku N. meningitidis o 41,1%. Interesuj\u0105ce jest to, i\u017c w przypadku H. influenzae, mo\u017cemy\u00a0m\u00f3wi\u0107 o wzro\u015bcie zachorowa\u0144 wzgl\u0119dem roku ubieg\u0142ego o 20%. Ponadto, obserwujemy spadek zachorowa\u0144 na\u00a0kleszczowe zapalenie m\u00f3zgu \u2013 z 265 w 2019 roku do 158 w 2020 roku (spadek o 40,4%).<br \/><strong>PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI.<\/strong> Wykazano og\u00f3ln\u0105 tendencj\u0119 spadkow\u0105 zachorowa\u0144, zar\u00f3wno w przypadku\u00a0zapale\u0144 opon m\u00f3zgowo-rdzeniowych i\/lub m\u00f3zgu o pod\u0142o\u017cu bakteryjnym, jak i wirusowym. Kluczowe znaczenie\u00a0dla znacznego zmniejszenia liczby zachorowa\u0144 na zapalenia opon i\/lub m\u00f3zgu w 2020 r. mia\u0142a pandemia\u00a0SARS-CoV-2 i wprowadzenie ograniczenia kontakt\u00f3w mi\u0119dzyludzkich oraz r\u00f3\u017cnych form aktywno\u015bci, a w jej\u00a0wyniku ograniczenie transmisji patogen\u00f3w. Nie mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c wykluczy\u0107 zmniejszenia dost\u0119pno\u015bci plac\u00f3wek\u00a0medycznych, czy kompletno\u015bci zg\u0142osze\u0144 przypadk\u00f3w w zwi\u0105zku z obci\u0105\u017ceniem Inspekcji Sanitarnej dzia\u0142aniami\u00a0przeciwepidemicznymi. Jedynie w przypadku zachorowa\u0144 wywo\u0142anych przez H. influenzae zaobserwowano\u00a0niewielki wzrost w por\u00f3wnaniu do roku poprzedniego (12 vs 10 przypadk\u00f3w). Zapalenie opon m\u00f3zgowo-rdzeniowych\u00a0i\/lub m\u00f3zgu z uwagi na sw\u00f3j szeroki zakres etiologiczny, stanowi du\u017ce wyzwanie dla systemu opieki\u00a0zdrowotnej, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci w kwestii w\u0142a\u015bciwego rozpoznania klinicznego.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/pe.76.35","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T14:50:14Z","timestamp":1671115814000},"page":"371-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2020"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Mrozowska-Nyckowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Zbrze\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Paradowska-Stankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Mount RH, Boyle DS. 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