{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:52:21Z","timestamp":1787698341395,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Przegl Epidemiol"],"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which, after entering a living organism, uses the ACE-2 protein as a receptor and several other proteins as cofactors of infection. Disease symptomatology is extensive, involving mostly predominant respiratory symptoms, as well as those of the nervous, gastrointestinal, circulatory and other systems. Incidence of COVID-19 also results in markedly different laboratory findings on the hemostatic system with the predominant feature of increased D-dimer levels. In the pathogenesis of thromboembolic complications in COVID-19, all elements of Virchow\u2019s triad are involved: endothelial damage, coagulation disorders and blood flow disorders. Coagulopathy increases with the severity of the clinical course of COVID-19. One of the causes of mortality associated with COVID-19 is pulmonary embolism. SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of thromboembolic complications not only in the acute period of the disease. Also in the period of about a month after recovery, there is an increased risk of venous thrombosis and consequently, life-threatening pulmonary embolism. The classic biomarker of pulmonary embolism in the general population is D-dimers. Among imaging studies, the gold standard for diagnosing this disease is computed tomography of the pulmonary arteries (CTPA). Other useful diagnostic tests are ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy (VQ Scans) or echocardiography. Currently reviewed guidelines and recommendations recommend extens ive thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients in both acute and chronic phases of the disease.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Streszczenie.<\/strong>\u00a0COVID-19 jest chorob\u0105 wywo\u0142ywan\u0105 przez wirusa SARS-CoV-2, kt\u00f3ry po wnikni\u0119ciu do \u017cywego organizmu wykorzystuje bia\u0142ko ACE-2 jako receptor oraz kilka innych bia\u0142ek w roli kofaktor\u00f3w zaka\u017cenia. Symptomatologia chorobowa jest bardzo rozleg\u0142a, obejmuje przewa\u017cnie dominuj\u0105ce objawy ze strony uk\u0142adu oddechowego, a tak\u017ce ze strony uk\u0142ad\u00f3w: nerwowego, pokarmowego, kr\u0105\u017cenia i innych. Zachorowanie na COVID-19 powoduje tak\u017ce znaczne odmienno\u015bci bada\u0144 laboratoryjnych w zakresie uk\u0142adu hemostazy z dominuj\u0105c\u0105 cech\u0105 zwi\u0119kszenia st\u0119\u017cenia dimeru D. W patogenezie powik\u0142a\u0144 zakrzepowo-zatorowych w COVID-19 bior\u0105 udzia\u0142 wszystkie elementy triady Virchowa: uszkodzenie \u015br\u00f3db\u0142onka, zaburzenia krzepni\u0119cia oraz zaburzenia przep\u0142ywu krwi. Koagulopatia narasta wraz z ci\u0119\u017cko\u015bci\u0105 przebiegu klinicznego COVID-19. Jedn\u0105 z przyczyn \u015bmiertelno\u015bci zwi\u0105zanej z COVID-19 jest zatorowo\u015b\u0107 p\u0142ucna. Infekcja SARS-CoV-2 zwi\u0119ksza ryzyko powik\u0142a\u0144 zakrzepowo- zatorowych nie tylko w ostrym okresie choroby. R\u00f3wnie\u017c w okresie oko\u0142o miesi\u0105ca po wyzdrowieniu, wyst\u0119puje zwi\u0119kszone ryzyko powstania zakrzepicy \u017cylnej i w konsekwencji, gro\u017anej dla \u017cycia zatorowo\u015bci p\u0142ucnej. Klasycznym biomarkerem zatorowo\u015bci p\u0142ucnej w populacji og\u00f3lnej s\u0105 D-dimery. Spo\u015br\u00f3d bada\u0144 obrazowych, z\u0142otym standardem w rozpoznaniu tej choroby jest tomografia komputerowa t\u0119tnic p\u0142ucnych (CTPA).Innymi przydatnymi badaniami diagnostycznymi s\u0105: wentylacyjno-perfuzyjna scyntygrafia p\u0142uc (VQ Scans) czy badanie echokardiograficzne. Obecnie analizowane wytyczne i zalecenia rekomenduj\u0105 szerok\u0105 profilaktyk\u0119 przeciwzakrzepow\u0105 u chorych na COVID-19 zar\u00f3wno w fazie ostrej jak i przewlek\u0142ej choroby.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/pe.77.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T07:28:35Z","timestamp":1697009315000},"page":"172-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pulmonary embolism in patients in acute COVID-19, long-COVID and post-COVID syndrome"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Tomczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Tomczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"container-title":["Przeglad Epidemiologiczny"],"original-title":["Zatorowos\u0107 p\u0142ucna u pacjent\u00f3w w ostrej fazie COVID-19, long-COVID i zespole post-COVID"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-181126-101687","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-181126-101687","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T08:42:57Z","timestamp":1709887377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/Pulmonary-embolism-in-patients-in-acute-COVID-19-long-COVID-and-post-COVID-syndrome,181126,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["181126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/pe.77.17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2100","2545-1898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2100","type":"print"},{"value":"2545-1898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]}}}