{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T12:33:39Z","timestamp":1750941219332},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Przegl Epidemiol"],"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>BACKGROUND.<\/strong> In 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic continued, however, due to the implementation of vaccination, fewer disruptions were observed in healthcare. In the detection of HCV \u2013 inextricably linked to access to testing \u2013 there was an incomplete return to the pre-pandemic level of diagnostics (in the EU\/EEA in 2021, 4.1 infections\/100,000, in 2019 \u2013 8.8). The aim of the article was to present the HCV situation in 2021 according to the data of the epidemiological surveillance in Poland compared to 2015-2020.\u00a0<br \/><strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS.<\/strong> We used the data: 1) from individual epidemiological surveillance; 2) from bulletins for the years 2015-2021 (diagnosis rates) and 3) regarding deaths from the Statistics Poland, Demographic Surveys and Labour Market Department.\u00a0<br \/><strong>RESULTS.<\/strong> In 2021, a 30% increase in the detection of new HCV infections was observed (3.26\/100,000, 1,244 cases) \u2013 about 70%, more than 2,500 cases, are missing to return to the pre pandemic level. The demographic distribution was different than in Europe: 1) the ratio of women to men 1:1.07; 2) people 75%). The role of primary health care in diagnosing HCV has strengthened (38.6%) \u2013 despite the fact that the tests were not yet available within health insurance benefits. The burden on healthcare and sanitary inspection continued to reduce the quality of data. There were more deaths due to acute hepatitis C in 2020-2021 (4 and 6 cases) compared to 2018-2019 (0 and 1 death).\u00a0<br \/><strong>CONCLUSIONS.<\/strong> The highlighted gaps in diagnosing HCV infections in Poland should be taken into consideration while developing the policy for HCV infections elimination. Poland still lacks in long-term solutions, acceptable by and reaching the target population.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>WPROWADZENIE.<\/strong> W 2021 r. trwa\u0142a pandemia COVID-19, jednak poprzez wdro\u017cenie szczepie\u0144 odnotowywano mniej zak\u0142\u00f3ce\u0144 w funkcjonowaniu opieki zdrowotnej.<br \/>W wykrywaniu zaka\u017ce\u0144 HCV \u2013 nierozerwalnie po\u0142\u0105czonych z dost\u0119pem do testowania \u2013 nast\u0105pi\u0142 niepe\u0142ny powr\u00f3t przedpandemicznego poziomu diagnostyki (w UE\/EOG <br \/>w 2021 r. 4,1 zaka\u017ce\u0144\/100 000, w 2019 r. \u2013 8,8). Celem pracy by\u0142o przedstawienie sytuacji zaka\u017ce\u0144 HCV w 2021 r. wed\u0142ug danych nadzoru epidemiologicznego w Polsce <br \/>w por\u00f3wnaniu z 2015-2020.<br \/> <strong>MATERIA\u0141 I METODA.<\/strong> Wykorzystano dane: 1) jednostkowe nadzoru epidemiologicznego; 2) biuletyn\u00f3w za lata 2015-2021 (wska\u017aniki rozpozna\u0144) oraz 3) dotycz\u0105ce zgon\u00f3w z Departamentu Bada\u0144 Demograficznych i Rynku Pracy GUS.<br \/> <strong>WYNIKI.<\/strong> W 2021 r. zaobserwowano 30%-owy wzrost wykrywalno\u015bci nowych zaka\u017ce\u0144 HCV (3,26\/100 000, 1244 przypadki) \u2013 do powrotu do przedpandemicznego poziomu brakuje ok. 70%, ponad 2500 przypadk\u00f3w. Odnotowano odmienny ni\u017c w Europie rozk\u0142ad demograficzny: 1) stosunek kobiet do m\u0119\u017cczyzn 1:1,07; 2) osoby < 25 lat to 2,4% wszystkich rozpozna\u0144 \u2013 mo\u017ce to wskazywa\u0107 na gorszy dost\u0119p do testowania w\u015br\u00f3d m\u0119\u017cczyzn ni\u017c kobiet (badanych w ci\u0105\u017cy), zw\u0142aszcza w m\u0142odszych grupach wieku. W Polsce du\u017cy odsetek rozpozna\u0144 dotyczy\u0142 os\u00f3b spoza grup podwy\u017cszonego nara\u017cenia, g\u0142\u00f3wnie: ekspozycje zwi\u0105zane z procedurami medycznymi (>75%). Umocni\u0142a si\u0119 rola POZ w rozpoznawaniu HCV (38,6%) \u2013 mimo, \u017ce testy nie by\u0142y jeszcze dost\u0119pne w koszyku \u015bwiadcze\u0144 gwarantowanych. Obci\u0105\u017cenie ochrony zdrowia oraz inspekcji sanitarnej wci\u0105\u017c skutkowa\u0142o obni\u017ceniem jako\u015bci danych. Odnotowano wi\u0119ksz\u0105 liczb\u0119 zgon\u00f3w z powodu ostrego wzw C w latach 2020-2021 (4 i 6 przypadk\u00f3w)<br \/>w por\u00f3wnaniu do lat 2018-2019 (0 i 1 zgon).<br \/> <strong>WNIOSKI.<\/strong> Wskazane luki w rozpoznawaniu zaka\u017ce\u0144 HCV powinny by\u0107 wzi\u0119te pod uwag\u0119 przy kreowaniu strategii eliminacji zaka\u017ce\u0144 HCV, kt\u00f3rej wci\u0105\u017c brakuje w zakresie systemowych, wieloletnich rozwi\u0105za\u0144, akceptowanych przez odbiorc\u00f3w i docieraj\u0105cych do nich.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/pe.77.21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T08:05:26Z","timestamp":1697011526000},"page":"220-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hepatitis C in Poland in 2021"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Zakrzewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"St\u0119pie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Rosi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"container-title":["Przeglad Epidemiologiczny"],"original-title":["Wirusowe zapalenie w\u0105troby typu C (wzw C) w Polsce w 2021 roku"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-181122-101683","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-181122-101683","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T08:43:04Z","timestamp":1709887384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/Hepatitis-C-in-Poland-in-2021,181122,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["181122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/pe.77.21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2100","2545-1898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2100","type":"print"},{"value":"2545-1898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]}}}