{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:17:56Z","timestamp":1772252276266,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Przegl Epidemiol"],"abstract":"<b>INTRODUCTION.<\/b>\nMeningitis meningitis and\/or encephalitis regardless of etiology are subject to monitoring in Poland as part of routine epidemiological surveillance. In this paper, meningitis and\/or encephalitis in 2021 caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and tick-borne encephalitis virus are discussed in detail. In Poland, immunoprophylaxis in the form of mandatory or recommended vaccinations is used to prevent diseases caused by the aforementioned etiological agents.<\/br>\n\n<b>AIM OF THE STUDY.<\/b>\nThe aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological incidence of meningoencephalitis and encephalitis in Poland, in 2021 including analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/br>\n\n<b>MATERIAL AND METHODS.<\/b>\nTo analyse the epidemiological situation of neuroinfections in Poland, we used data sent to NIPH NIH - NRI by Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations and published in the annual bulletin: \u201cInfectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2021\u201d and \u201cProtective vaccination in Poland in 2021\u201d as well as individual epidemiological interviews recorded in the EpiBase system.<\/br>\n\n<b>RESULTS.<\/b>\nIn 2021, a total of 973 cases of meningitis and\/or encephalitis were registered in Poland. This is a 16.1% increase in the number of cases compared to 2020, but still a 57% decrease in the number of cases compared to 2019 when 2,249 cases were recorded. For infections of bacterial etiology, including cases of neuroborreliosis, the number of cases increased by 38.3% (from 376 to 520, incidence from 0.96 to 1.76 per 100,000). Compared to 2020 and 2019, the incidence of meningitis and\/or encephalitis of N. meningitidis decreased by 10.7% (from 0.13 to 0.15) and 47.4% (from 0.25 to 0.13), respectively, and for H. influenzae by 75% (from 0.01 to 0.03) and 70% (from 0.01 to 0.03). For S. pneumoniae, we can speak of an increase in incidence against 2020 of 57.1% (121 vs 77 cases, incidence 0.32 vs 0.20) and a decrease against 2019. (121 vs 190, incidence 0.32 vs 0.47). Infections of viral etiology accounted for 47% of all registered cases. There was a slight decrease in their number, by 2% (from 462 to 453 cases). In addition, there was an increase in cases of tick-borne encephalitis, from 158 in 2020 to 210 in 2021 (an increase of 32.9%), and a decrease in cases from 265 in 2019 (a decrease of 20.8%).<\/br>\n\n<b>SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.<\/b>\n2021 showed an overall upward trend in the number of recorded cases of bacterial meningitis and\/or encephalitis, and a slight decrease in the number of viral meningitis and\/or encephalitis cases compared to 2020. Still, the observed number of meningitis and\/or encephalitis cases in 2021, both bacterial and viral incidences, remains below the levels observed in the pre-pandemic COVID-19 period (2019). As a result of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the introduction of measures to limit the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been observed to reduce the spread of other droplet- and airborne pathogens, thus also pathogens such as S. pneumoniae, H.influenzae and N. menningitidis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/pe.77.35","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T13:58:02Z","timestamp":1707141482000},"page":"387-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2021"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Mrozowska-Nyckowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Zbrze\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Paradowska-Stankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"container-title":["Przeglad Epidemiologiczny"],"original-title":["Zapalenia opon m\u00f3zgowo-rdzeniowych i zapalenia m\u00f3zgu w Polsce w 2021 roku"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-184858-105587","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-184858-105587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T08:42:37Z","timestamp":1709887357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.przeglepidemiol.pzh.gov.pl\/Meningitis-and-encephalitis-in-Poland-in-2021,184858,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["184858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/pe.77.35","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2100","2545-1898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2100","type":"print"},{"value":"2545-1898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]}}}