{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:00:00Z","timestamp":1792623600897,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"],"abstract":"<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><br \/><strong>Background.<\/strong> A study reveals \u2013 against to common beliefs \u2013less support between rural area residents in comparison to\u00a0town-dwellers and significantly higher support for healthy, not for poor health research participants.<br \/><strong>Objectives.<\/strong> The aim of our paper was comparing support from spouse\/partner, relatives, friends and strangers among\u00a0people with good and ill physical health. A next purpose was to find differences of social support and experience of\u00a0social undermining in urban and rural residential settings.<br \/><strong>Material and methods.<\/strong> The study \u201cEpidemiology of Mental Disorders and Access to Mental Health Care, EZOP \u2013\u00a0Poland\u201d was carried out on random sample of 24 000 of Poland residents and a 50,4% response rate, 10 081 computerassisted\u00a0personal interviews. Of those respondents, 4 000 constituted a sub-sample asked to complete the social networks\u00a0and support section of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by age, gender, residential setting and marital status for\u00a0statistically significant differences in the percentage of functional and structural social support being reported, using the\u00a0chi-squared test with a significance level of 0.05 used to reject the null hypothesis (H0 = lack of relationship between\u00a0variables).<br \/><strong>Results.<\/strong> A majority of respondents maintain that in difficult life situations, family and a close network of friends and\u00a0acquaintances make it possible to openly discuss problems and obtain help. However, respondents who rate their health\u00a0as \u201cpoor\u201d or \u201cvery poor\u201d significantly less often than healthy individuals experience support coming from their relatives,\u00a0friends, or strangers.<br \/>In comparison to urban areas, the extent of social support in rural areas is significantly limited. The rural setting offers\u00a0less support and even less opportunities for interaction with relatives, friends, acquaintances and strangers. Negative\u00a0social factors\u2013 low levels of trust, isolation from friends and family, lack of a social life, lack of a helpful neighborhood\u00a0\u2013 are conditions significantly more often found in the countryside than in urban areas.<br \/><strong>Conclusions.<\/strong> Results obtained from the EZOP study shows that amount of social support received is higher in urban\u00a0areas and among those who enjoy better physical health.<\/p>\n<p><strong>STRESZCZENIE<\/strong><br \/><strong>Wprowadzenie.<\/strong> Praca odkrywa niezgodn\u0105 z powszechnymi przekonaniami prawd\u0119, \u017ce wie\u015b jest mniej przyjaznym\u00a0\u015brodowiskiem dla swoich mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w ni\u017c miasto, a chorzy ludzie, najbardziej potrzebuj\u0105cy wsparcia, otrzymuj\u0105 go\u00a0znacz\u0105co mniej ni\u017c zdrowi.<br \/><strong>Cel.<\/strong> Celem niniejszej pracy jest por\u00f3wnanie wsparcia, jakie uzyskuj\u0105 osoby w dobrym i z\u0142ym stanie zdrowia ze strony\u00a0wsp\u00f3\u0142ma\u0142\u017conka (partnera), rodziny, przyjaci\u00f3\u0142 i obcych. Kolejnym celem jest ocena r\u00f3\u017cnicy w uzyskiwanym wsparciu,\u00a0a tak\u017ce przejawach zaprzeczenia wsparcia przez mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w miast i wsi.<br \/><strong>Materia\u0142 i metody.<\/strong> Badanie \u201eEpidemiologia zaburze\u0144 psychiatrycznych i dost\u0119p do psychiatrycznej opieki zdrowotnej\u00a0\u2013 EZOP Polska\u201d zosta\u0142o zrealizowane na pr\u00f3bie losowej 24 tysi\u0119cy mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w Polski. Przy 50,4% poziomie\u00a0realizacji wywiad\u00f3w przeprowadzono 10 081 wywiad\u00f3w indywidualnych wspomaganych komputerowo. Nast\u0119pnie\u00a0wyodr\u0119bniono 4 000 respondent\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy odpowiedzieli na pytania o relacje spo\u0142eczne i wsparcie spo\u0142eczne. W analizie\u00a0uwzgl\u0119dniono podzia\u0142 wed\u0142ug wieku, p\u0142ci, \u015brodowiska zamieszkania i stanu cywilnego. Ustalono istotne statystycznie\u00a0r\u00f3\u017cnice w uzyskiwanym wsparciu strukturalnym i funkcjonalnym przy zastosowaniu testu chi-kwadrat, zak\u0142adaj\u0105c\u00a0poziom ufno\u015bci 0,05 do odrzucenia hipotezy zerowej (H0 = brak zwi\u0105zku mi\u0119dzy zmiennymi).<br \/><strong>Wyniki.<\/strong> Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 respondent\u00f3w utrzymuje, \u017ce rodzina oraz kr\u0105g bliskich przyjaci\u00f3\u0142 i znajomych - w trudnych sytuacjach\u00a0\u017cyciowych - stwarza warunki do otwartego om\u00f3wienia problemu i otrzymania pomocy. Niemniej respondenci, kt\u00f3rzy\u00a0oceniaj\u0105 swoje zdrowie jako \u201ez\u0142e\u201d i \u201ebardzo z\u0142e\u201d istotnie rzadziej do\u015bwiadczaj\u0105 wsparcia, ni\u017c osoby zdrowe. Zakres\u00a0wsparcia spo\u0142ecznego na terenach wiejskich jest znacz\u0105co ograniczony w por\u00f3wnaniu ze wsparciem w\u015br\u00f3d mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w\u00a0miast. W \u015brodowisku wiejskim stwierdzamy mniej wsparcia, a nawet mniej mo\u017cliwo\u015bci spotkania z cz\u0142onkami rodziny,\u00a0przyjaci\u00f3\u0142mi, znajomymi lub obcymi. R\u00f3wnie\u017c na wsi istotnie cz\u0119\u015bciej ni\u017c na terenach zurbanizowanych obserwujemy\u00a0dzia\u0142anie takich negatywnych czynnik\u00f3w jak niski poziom zaufania spo\u0142ecznego, izolacj\u0119 wobec rodziny i przyjaci\u00f3\u0142,\u00a0brak \u017cycia towarzyskiego, oraz brak pomocnego s\u0105siedztwa.<br \/><strong>Wnioski.<\/strong> Wyniki badania EZOP wskazuj\u0105, \u017ce zakres otrzymywanego wsparcia spo\u0142ecznego jest istotnie wy\u017cszy\u00a0w \u015brodowiskach miejskich, oraz w\u015br\u00f3d os\u00f3b ciesz\u0105cych si\u0119 lepszym zdrowiem fizycznym.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2019.0088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T07:13:25Z","timestamp":1579590805000},"page":"385-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Variations in experience of social support and physical health among adult residents of Poland in urban versus rural areas"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Moskalewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Gory\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Stokwiszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Moskalewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Kiejna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Wojtyniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"container-title":["Roczniki Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Higieny"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182585-103081","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182585-103081","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:11:38Z","timestamp":1768475498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/Variations-in-experience-of-social-support-and-physical-health-among-adult-residents,182585,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"alternative-id":["182585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/rpzh.2019.0088","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-7715","2451-2311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-7715","type":"print"},{"value":"2451-2311","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]}}}