{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:31:55Z","timestamp":1792737115997,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"],"abstract":"<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><br \/>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The most\u00a0characteristic symptom of the disease is heartburn, which occurs at least once a week. The prevalence of the disease varies\u00a0and, depending on the region of the world, it may affect from a few to over 30% of an adult population. It is estimated that\u00a0in Poland this disease may affect up to 35.5% of adults reporting abdominal ailments. If untreated, the disease can lead to\u00a0serious complications including precancerous conditions and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Pharmacotherapy is considered\u00a0as the first-line treatment in GERD patients but lifestyle modifications, including diet changes, are an important element\u00a0supporting the treatment of the disease. Many factors may contribute to the development of the disease. Among them, there\u00a0are non-modifiable factors such as age, sex or genetic factors and modifiable factors, e.g. lifestyle, diet, excessive body\u00a0weight. This review focuses on GERD risk factors related to lifestyle and nutrition that include both dietary components\u00a0and nutritional behaviour. Lifestyle risk factors that may contribute to GERD symptoms include excessive body weight,\u00a0particularly obesity, moderate\/high alcohol consumption, smoking, postprandial and vigorous physical activity, as well as\u00a0lack of regular physical activity. Many studies indicate fatty, fried, sour, spicy food\/products, orange and grapefruit juice,\u00a0tomatoes and tomato preserves, chocolate, coffee\/tea, carbonated beverages, alcohol as triggers for GERD symptoms.\u00a0<br \/>Eating habits such as irregular meal pattern, large volume of meals, eating meals just before bedtime may correlate with\u00a0the symptoms of GERD. The role of lifestyle, diet and eating habits as risk factors for GERD is not clearly understood,\u00a0and the results of the available studies are often contradictory. Determination of modifiable risk factors for this disease\u00a0and its symptoms is important for effective dietary prevention and diet therapy of GERD.<\/p>\n<p><strong>STRESZCZENIE<\/strong><br \/>Choroba refluksowa prze\u0142yku jest jedn\u0105 z cz\u0119stszych chor\u00f3b g\u00f3rnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego, a jej typowym\u00a0objawem jest zgaga wyst\u0119puj\u0105ca co najmniej raz w tygodniu. Rozpowszechnienie choroby jest zr\u00f3\u017cnicowane i w zale\u017cno\u015bci\u00a0od regionu \u015bwiata mo\u017ce dotyczy\u0107 od kilku do ponad 30% doros\u0142ej populacji. Z szacunkowych danych krajowych wynika,\u00a0\u017ce choroba wyst\u0119puje u 35,5% doros\u0142ych Polak\u00f3w uskar\u017caj\u0105cych si\u0119 na dolegliwo\u015bci brzuszne. Nieleczona choroba mo\u017ce\u00a0prowadzi\u0107 do powa\u017cnych powik\u0142a\u0144 w\u0142\u0105cznie ze zmianami przednowotworowymi prze\u0142yku i rakiem gruczo\u0142owym\u00a0prze\u0142yku. Podstawow\u0105 metod\u0105 leczenia choroby refluksowej prze\u0142yku jest farmakoterapia, jednak modyfikacja stylu\u00a0\u017cycia, w tym sposobu \u017cywienia, jest wa\u017cnym elementem wspomagaj\u0105cym terapi\u0119 choroby. Jej rozwojowi mo\u017ce sprzyja\u0107\u00a0wiele czynnik\u00f3w. W\u015br\u00f3d nich mo\u017cna wymieni\u0107 czynniki niemodyfikowalne takie jak wiek, p\u0142e\u0107, czynniki genetyczne\u00a0oraz czynniki modyfikowalne m.in. styl \u017cycia, spos\u00f3b \u017cywienia, nadmiern\u0105 mas\u0119 cia\u0142a. W niniejszym przegl\u0105dzie\u00a0skupiono si\u0119 na czynnikach ryzyka choroby zwi\u0105zanych ze stylem \u017cycia i sposobem \u017cywienia uwzgledniaj\u0105cym zar\u00f3wno\u00a0sk\u0142adniki diety jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c zachowania \u017cywieniowe. Elementy stylu \u017cycia, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 przyczynia\u0107 si\u0119 do wyst\u0105pienia\u00a0choroby i jej objaw\u00f3w obejmuj\u0105 nadmiern\u0105 mas\u0119 cia\u0142a, zw\u0142aszcza oty\u0142o\u015b\u0107, umiarkowane\/wysokie spo\u017cycie alkoholu,\u00a0palenie tytoniu, po posi\u0142kow\u0105 i energiczn\u0105 aktywno\u015b\u0107 fizyczn\u0105, ale tak\u017ce brak regularnej aktywno\u015bci fizycznej. Wiele\u00a0bada\u0144 wskazuje na t\u0142uste, sma\u017cone, kwa\u015bne, pikantne potrawy\/produkty, sok pomara\u0144czowy i grejpfrutowy, pomidory\u00a0i przetwory pomidorowe, czekolad\u0119, kaw\u0119, herbat\u0119, napoje gazowane, alkohol jako czynniki wywo\u0142uj\u0105ce objawy GERD.<br \/>Nawyki \u017cywieniowe, takie jak nieregularne spo\u017cywanie posi\u0142k\u00f3w, spo\u017cywanie posi\u0142k\u00f3w o du\u017cej obj\u0119to\u015bci, spo\u017cywanie\u00a0posi\u0142ku przed snem, mog\u0105 korelowa\u0107 z objawami GERD. Rola stylu \u017cycia, diety i zwyczaj\u00f3w \u017cywieniowych jako\u00a0czynnik\u00f3w ryzyka choroby refluksowej prze\u0142yku nie jest jednak jednoznacznie wyja\u015bniona, a wyniki dost\u0119pnych bada\u0144\u00a0s\u0105 cz\u0119sto sprzeczne. Poznanie modyfikowalnych czynnik\u00f3w ryzyka choroby refluksowej prze\u0142yku i jej objaw\u00f3w ma\u00a0znaczenie praktyczne i jest istotne w celu realizacji skutecznej dietoprofilaktyki i dietoterapii choroby.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2021.0145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T07:34:30Z","timestamp":1612337670000},"page":"21-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms related to lifestyle and diet"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Taraszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"container-title":["Roczniki Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Higieny"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182648-103144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182648-103144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:04:46Z","timestamp":1768475086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/Risk-factors-for-gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-symptoms-related-to-lifestyle-and,182648,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["182648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/rpzh.2021.0145","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-7715","2451-2311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-7715","type":"print"},{"value":"2451-2311","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]}}}