{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T03:33:12Z","timestamp":1768534392887,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"],"abstract":"<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><br \/><strong>Background.<\/strong> Adequate nutrition is one of the most important factors for influencing growth and development of children.<br \/>Providing adequate amounts of minerals is extremely important in the developmental age, especially in periods of\u00a0intensive growth. Calcium and vitamin D deficiency may have a negative impact on the health of children, both in the\u00a0short and long term.<br \/><strong>Objective.<\/strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of calcium and vitamin D in the meals of preschoolers and\u00a0to compare the obtained results to Polish dietary reference values for children aged 4-6 years.<br \/><strong>Material and methods.<\/strong> The study was conducted in 40 randomly selected kindergartens in some Silesian cities and were\u00a0concerning 1,746 children. 10-day-menus and preschool inventory reports describing the amount of food used for meal\u00a0preparation were obtained from every kindergarten. 10-day-menus were analysed in terms of calcium and vitamin D\u00a0content with the use of the Dieta 5 software. The obtained results were developed in Microsoft Excel 2016.<br \/><strong>Results.<\/strong> The analysis of 10-days menus showed significant deficiencies in both calcium and vitamin D intake in the\u00a0assessed food rations. The mean calcium level was 416.0 mg while vitamin D was 1.47 \u03bcg. The content of calcium and\u00a0vitamin D in the examined 10-days menus did not meet the dietary reference values.<br \/><strong>Conclusions.<\/strong> The necessity to modify menus in terms of increasing the consumption of the analysed nutrients was\u00a0demonstrated, as well as the need to implement nutritional education for preschool staff and parents was suggested.<\/p>\n<p><strong>STRESZCZENIE<\/strong><br \/><strong>Wprowadzenie.<\/strong> Prawid\u0142owe od\u017cywianie jest jednym z najwa\u017cniejszych czynnik\u00f3w warunkuj\u0105cych prawid\u0142owy wzrost\u00a0i rozw\u00f3j dzieci. Dostarczanie odpowiednich ilo\u015bci sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w mineralnych ma istotne znaczenie w wieku rozwojowym,\u00a0a zw\u0142aszcza w okresach intensywnego wzrastania. Niedob\u00f3r wapnia oraz witaminy D mo\u017ce wp\u0142ywa\u0107 negatywnie na stan\u00a0zdrowia dzieci zar\u00f3wno dora\u017anie jak i d\u0142ugofalowo.<br \/><strong>Cel.<\/strong> Celem niniejszej pracy by\u0142a ocena zawarto\u015bci wapnia i witaminy D w posi\u0142kach przedszkolak\u00f3w oraz por\u00f3wnanie\u00a0uzyskanych wynik\u00f3w z normami \u017cywienia dla dzieci w wieku 4-6 lat.<br \/><strong>Materia\u0142 i metody.<\/strong> Badanie zosta\u0142o przeprowadzone w 40 losowo wybranych plac\u00f3wkach przedszkolnych w miastach\u00a0aglomeracji \u015bl\u0105skiej i dotyczy\u0142o 1746 przedszkolak\u00f3w. W ka\u017cdej z plac\u00f3wek uzyskano raporty magazynowe i jad\u0142ospisy\u00a0dekadowe. Ocen\u0119 zawarto\u015bci wapnia oraz witaminy D przeprowadzono na podstawie jad\u0142ospis\u00f3w dekadowych\u00a0wykorzystuj\u0105c program Dieta 5. Uzyskane wyniki zosta\u0142y opracowane w programie Microsoft Excel.<br \/><strong>Wyniki.<\/strong> Analiza jad\u0142ospis\u00f3w dekadowych wykaza\u0142a znaczne niedobory w spo\u017cyciu zar\u00f3wno wapnia jak i witaminy\u00a0D w ocenianych racjach pokarmowych. \u015aredni poziom wapnia wynosi\u0142 416,0\u00a0 mg podczas gdy witaminy D 1,47 \u03bcg.<br \/>Zawarto\u015b\u0107 wapnia oraz witaminy D w badanych jad\u0142ospisach dekadowych nie spe\u0142nia\u0142a obowi\u0105zuj\u0105cych norm \u017cywienia.<br \/><strong>Wnioski.<\/strong> Wykazano konieczno\u015b\u0107 modyfikacji jad\u0142ospis\u00f3w pod k\u0105tem zwi\u0119kszenia spo\u017cycia analizowanych sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w\u00a0od\u017cywczych, a tak\u017ce zasugerowano potrzeb\u0119 wdra\u017cania edukacji \u017cywieniowej personelu przedszkolnego oraz rodzic\u00f3w.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2021.0149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T08:35:35Z","timestamp":1619166935000},"page":"83-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of calcium and vitamin D content in meals served for preschool children attending to kindergartens in some Silesian cities"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Stroba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Malinowska-Borowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"container-title":["Roczniki Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Higieny"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182655-103151","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182655-103151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:04:47Z","timestamp":1768475087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/Assessment-of-calcium-and-vitamin-D-content-in-meals-served-for-preschool-children,182655,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["182655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/rpzh.2021.0149","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-7715","2451-2311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-7715","type":"print"},{"value":"2451-2311","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]}}}