{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:46:12Z","timestamp":1776109572960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Institute of Public Health NIH (National Research Institute)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"],"abstract":"<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><br \/><strong>Background.<\/strong> Nitrates, compounds commonly occurring in nature, are present for example in vegetables, where they\u00a0accumulate and become their contaminants. It is estimated that approximately 70-90% of nitrates intake comes from\u00a0vegetables, which are therefore the main source of human exposure to these compounds through dietary intake. The\u00a0European Union legislation limits nitrates as contaminants to three leafy vegetables, i.e. lettuce, spinach and rucola.<br \/>The EU Member States are obliged to monitor nitrate levels in vegetables which may contain significant levels of these\u00a0compounds.<br \/><strong>Objective.<\/strong> To present the results of monitoring surveys on nitrate levels in radish and beetroot as well as in cabbage\u00a0carried out in Poland between 2012 and 2019.<br \/><strong>Material and methods.<\/strong> A total of 966 vegetable samples were tested. Chemical analyses were carried out in accredited\u00a0laboratories of the State Sanitary Inspection. Analyses were performed by spectrophotometric methods using nitrate\u00a0reduction on cadmium columns or by HPLC.<br \/><strong>Results.<\/strong> The median nitrate content in beetroot was 1,260.0 mg NO\u2212<br \/>3 \/kg, whilst at the 95th percentile level - 3,222.2 mg\u00a0NO\u22123 \/kg. The levels of nitrates in beetroot preserves were lower: 1,030.3 mg NO\u22123 \/kg (median) and 2337,2 mg NO\u22123 \/kg\u00a0(95th percentile). The median content of nitrates in radish and cabbage was 1,337.0 mg NO\u22123 \/kg and 369,0 mg NO\u22123 \/kg\u00a0respectively, while at the 95th percentile the content of these compounds was found to be 3,381.5 mg NO\u22123 \/kg and 1545,8 mg\u00a0NO\u22123 \/kg, respectively.<br \/><strong>Conclusions.<\/strong> The nitrate content in radish and cabbage does not pose a risk to the health of consumers, whilst the\u00a0consumption of beetroot containing significant amounts of the above mentioned compounds may result in exceeding the\u00a0ADI especially for young children.<\/p>\n<p><strong>STRESZCZENIE<\/strong><br \/><strong>Wprowadzenie.<\/strong> Azotany (V), zwi\u0105zki powszechnie wyst\u0119puj\u0105ce w przyrodzie, s\u0105 obecne m.in. w warzywach, w kt\u00f3rych\u00a0si\u0119 kumuluj\u0105 i stanowi\u0105 ich zanieczyszczenie. Szacuje si\u0119, \u017ce oko\u0142o 70 \u2013 90% spo\u017cywanych azotan\u00f3w (V) pochodzi\u00a0w\u0142a\u015bnie z warzyw, kt\u00f3re tym samym s\u0105 g\u0142\u00f3wnym \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em nara\u017cenia cz\u0142owieka na te zwi\u0105zki przy pobraniu wraz z diet\u0105.\u00a0<br \/>W ustawodawstwie Unii Europejskiej limity azotan\u00f3w (V) jako zanieczyszcze\u0144 dotycz\u0105 trzech warzyw li\u015bciastych tj.\u00a0sa\u0142aty, szpinaku i rukoli. Pa\u0144stwa nale\u017c\u0105ce do UE maj\u0105 obowi\u0105zek monitorowania poziom\u00f3w azotan\u00f3w (V) w warzywach\u00a0mog\u0105cych zawiera\u0107 znaczne ilo\u015bci tych zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w.<br \/><strong>Cel bada\u0144.<\/strong> Celem pracy jest przedstawienie wynik\u00f3w bada\u0144 monitoringowych w zakresie zawarto\u015bci azotan\u00f3w (V)\u00a0w burakach, rzodkiewce i kapu\u015bcie w Polsce latach 2012-2019.<br \/><strong>Materia\u0142 i metody.<\/strong> Przebadano \u0142\u0105cznie 966 pr\u00f3bek burak\u00f3w, rzodkiewki i kapusty. Wykonawcami bada\u0144 by\u0142y\u00a0akredytowane laboratoria Pa\u0144stwowej Inspekcji Sanitarnej. Analizy wykonywano metod\u0105 spektrofotometryczn\u0105\u00a0z u\u017cyciem kolumn kadmowych lub metod\u0105 HPLC.<br \/><strong>Wyniki.<\/strong> Mediana zawarto\u015bci azotan\u00f3w (V) w burakach wynosi\u0142a 1260,0 mg NO\u22123 \/kg, natomiast zawarto\u015b\u0107 tych zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w\u00a0na poziomie 95 percentyla - 3222,2 mg NO\u22123 \/kg. Poziomy azotan\u00f3w (V) w przetworach z burak\u00f3w by\u0142y ni\u017csze i wynosi\u0142y\u00a0odpowiednio 1030,3 mg NO\u22123 \/kg (mediana) oraz 2337,2 mg NO\u22123 \/kg (95 percentyl). Mediana zawarto\u015bci azotan\u00f3w (V)\u00a0w rzodkiewkach oraz kapu\u015bcie wynosi\u0142a 1337,0 mg NO\u22123 \/kg oraz 369,0 mg NO\u22123 \/kg odpowiednio, natomiast na poziomie\u00a095 percentyla stwierdzono zawarto\u015b\u0107 tych zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w na poziomie 3381,5 mg NO\u22123 \/kg oraz 1545,8 mg NO\u22123 \/kg.<br \/><strong>Wnioski.<\/strong> Zawarto\u015b\u0107 azotan\u00f3w (V) w rzodkiewce i kapu\u015bcie nie stanowi zagro\u017cenia dla zdrowia konsument\u00f3w, natomiast\u00a0spo\u017cycie burak\u00f3w zawieraj\u0105cych znaczne ilo\u015bci ww. zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w mo\u017ce skutkowa\u0107 przekroczeniem ADI zw\u0142aszcza dla\u00a0ma\u0142ych dzieci.<\/p><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2021.0175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T09:41:05Z","timestamp":1632303665000},"page":"267-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Monitoring survey of nitrate content in beetroot, radish and cabbage in Poland"],"prefix":"10.32394","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Gajda-Wyr\u0119bek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Jarecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Dmitruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17323","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"container-title":["Roczniki Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Higieny"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182675-103171","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/pdf-182675-103171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1768475003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/roczniki.pzh.gov.pl\/Monitoring-survey-of-nitrate-content-in-beetroot-radish-and-cabbage-in-Poland,182675,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["182675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/rpzh.2021.0175","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-7715","2451-2311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-7715","type":"print"},{"value":"2451-2311","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]}}}